Month: November 2023
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Welcome to Let us Learn English. COM Learn English Language Course in Class Room, Small Batches , Weekend Batches for Working Professionals, Crash Course on Interview Preparation, Customized Courses Available, Special Batches for Girls and Housewives and even On-line with Highly qualified teachers and expert trainers. Let’s Learn English is on of the best Institute of Hyderabad. No.1 English Language Training Center. Welcome to Let us Learn English. COM Learn English Language Course in Class Room, Small Batches , Weekend Batches for Working Professionals, Crash Course on Interview Preparation, Customized Courses Available, Special Batches for Girls and Housewives and even On-line with Highly qualified teachers and expert trainers. Let’s Learn English is on of the best Institute of Hyderabad. No.1 English Language Training Center. Spoken English Tips The following tips helped me improve my spoken English and overcome my hesitation in the language. Hope they are useful for you too. Don’t worry about making mistakes because you will make mistakes as a learner. Be patient. This isn’t a one day process. Learn certain phrases that can be used in multiple situations. Learn how to greet someone properly. Talk slowly and carefully. Don’t rush through your sentences. Restrict yourself to simple sentences until you gain confidence. Watch out for your pronunciation. Many online tools will tell you how to pronounce a word correctly. Check one of them out when you’re in doubt. Carefully observe how proficient speakers of the language pronounce words and frame their sentences. Ask your friends, relatives and anyone you can to point out your mistakes and correct them. Speak to them in English only. Practice is a must. Record yourself reading one article aloud every day. Focus on pronunciation, speed, clarity and emphasis. Many online sites offer you the opportunity to voice chat with another user. This is an effective way to practice. Learn at least one new word every day and use it as a part of your conversation with people. By the end of the week, you should know seven words really well. Learn new words everyday Read at least one article of your choice aloud every day. Watch English movies with subtitles. Watch English shows. Read books and magazines. Keep a pocket dictionary handy for any word you may need to know the meaning of. When you hear a new word, try to find its usage and its antonyms. Best of luck!
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Welcome to Let us Learn English. COM Learn English Language Course in Class Room, Small Batches , Weekend Batches for Working Professionals, Crash Course on Interview Preparation, Customized Courses Available, Special Batches for Girls and Housewives and even On-line with Highly qualified teachers and expert trainers. Let’s Learn English is on of the best Institute of Hyderabad. No.1 English Language Training Center. Welcome to Let us Learn English. COM Learn English Language Course in Class Room, Small Batches , Weekend Batches for Working Professionals, Crash Course on Interview Preparation, Customized Courses Available, Special Batches for Girls and Housewives and even On-line with Highly qualified teachers and expert trainers. Let’s Learn English is on of the best Institute of Hyderabad. No.1 English Language Training Center. Spoken English Tips The following tips helped me improve my spoken English and overcome my hesitation in the language. Hope they are useful for you too. Don’t worry about making mistakes because you will make mistakes as a learner. Be patient. This isn’t a one day process. Learn certain phrases that can be used in multiple situations. Learn how to greet someone properly. Talk slowly and carefully. Don’t rush through your sentences. Restrict yourself to simple sentences until you gain confidence. Watch out for your pronunciation. Many online tools will tell you how to pronounce a word correctly. Check one of them out when you’re in doubt. Carefully observe how proficient speakers of the language pronounce words and frame their sentences. Ask your friends, relatives and anyone you can to point out your mistakes and correct them. Speak to them in English only. Practice is a must. Record yourself reading one article aloud every day. Focus on pronunciation, speed, clarity and emphasis. Many online sites offer you the opportunity to voice chat with another user. This is an effective way to practice. Learn at least one new word every day and use it as a part of your conversation with people. By the end of the week, you should know seven words really well. Learn new words everyday Read at least one article of your choice aloud every day. Watch English movies with subtitles. Watch English shows. Read books and magazines. Keep a pocket dictionary handy for any word you may need to know the meaning of. When you hear a new word, try to find its usage and its antonyms. Best of luck!
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- Practice speaking English
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- Use flashcards
- Learn whole sentences
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Brotherhood in the Quran and Sunnah-Muslims are Brothers !
By Abu Amina Elias / January 20, 2014 / Angels الملائكة, Brotherhood الأخوة, Character الأخلاق, Charity الصدقة, Community الجماعة, Envy الحسد, Gentleness الرفق, Godfearing التقوى, Hatred البغضة, Hellfire جهنم, Hereafter الآخرة, Justice العدل, Love المحبة, Manners الأدب, Mercy الرحمة, Paradise الجنة, Prayer الصلاة, Reconciliation الإصلاح بين الناس, Repentance التوبة, Supplication الدعاء, Umar Ibn al-Khattab عمر بن الخطاب
In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful
Brotherhood in Islam is a comprehensive concept that is based upon good character with others, treating others the way we want to be treated, and uniting together upon common values. It has three levels of degree: religion, family, and humanity. Each of these levels has a set of rights and duties that a Muslim must uphold with others.
The strongest level of brotherhood is the sense of community, friendship, and common purpose in Islam for the sake of Allah. At this level, the believers work together towards fulfilling the goals of the religion and living out its divine values.
Allah said:
إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِخْوَةٌ فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَ أَخَوَيْكُمْ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ
The believers are but brothers, so make reconciliation between your brothers and fear Allah that you may receive mercy.
Surat al-Hujurat 49:10
And Allah said:
وَاعْتَصِمُوا بِحَبْلِ اللَّهِ جَمِيعًا وَلَا تَفَرَّقُوا وَاذْكُرُوا نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ كُنتُمْ أَعْدَاءً فَأَلَّفَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِكُمْ فَأَصْبَحْتُم بِنِعْمَتِهِ إِخْوَانًا
Hold firmly to the rope of Allah all together and do not become divided. Remember the favor of Allah upon you, when you were enemies and he brought your hearts together and you became brothers by his favor.
Surat Ali Imran 3:103
Although we use the word “brotherhood,” what we really mean is a faith-based community that includes both men and women as brothers and sisters in religion.
Allah said:
وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتُ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ بَعْضٍ ۚ يَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنكَرِ وَيُقِيمُونَ الصَّلَاةَ وَيُؤْتُونَ الزَّكَاةَ وَيُطِيعُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ سَيَرْحَمُهُمُ اللَّهُ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ
The believing men and believing women are allies of one another. They enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong and establish prayer and give charity and obey Allah and His Messenger. Allah will have mercy upon them, for Allah is Almighty and Wise.
Surat al-Tawba 9:71
Most importantly, this level of brotherhood involves purifying the heart of all animosity, hatred, and malice for those who have faith, including for the righteous predecessors of Islam (al-salaf al-ṣālihīn), those who believed in the previous prophets, and the general masses of believers throughout all of history.
Allah said:
يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلِإِخْوَانِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالْإِيمَانِ وَلَا تَجْعَلْ فِي قُلُوبِنَا غِلًّا لِّلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا رَبَّنَا إِنَّكَ رَءُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ
They say: Our Lord, forgive us and our brothers who preceded us in faith and put not in our hearts any resentment toward those who have faith. Our Lord, you are kind and merciful.
Surat al-Hashr 59:10
Anas ibn Malik reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said:
لَا تَبَاغَضُوا وَلَا تَحَاسَدُوا وَلَا تَدَابَرُوا وَكُونُوا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ إِخْوَانًا وَلَا يَحِلُّ لِمُسْلِمٍ أَنْ يَهْجُرَ أَخَاهُ فَوْقَ ثَلَاثٍ
Do not hate each other, do not envy each other, do not turn away from each other, but rather be servants of Allah as brothers. It is not lawful for a Muslim to boycott his brother for more than three days.
Source: Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 5718, Grade: Muttafaqun Alayhi
Ibn Rajab writes:
فأفضل الأعمال سلامة الصدر من أنواع الشحناء كلها وأفضلها السلامة من شحناء أهل الأهواء والبدع التي تقتضي الطعن على سلف الأمة وبغضهم والحقد عليهم واعتقاد تكفيرهم أو تبديعهم وتضليلهم ثم يلي ذلك سلامة القلب من الشحناء لعموم المسلمين وإرادة الخير لهم ونصيحتهم وأن يحب لهم ما يحب لنفسه
The best of deeds is to secure the heart from every type of enmity, and the best of it is to be secure from the enmity of the people of desires and heretical innovations that challenges the righteous predecessors of the nation, their hatred and malice towards them, and their charges of infidelity, heresy, and misguidance against them. Thereafter, following that is to secure the heart from enmity against the Muslims in general, to intend good for them, to give them sincere counsel, and to love for them what he loves for himself.
Source: Laṭā’if al-Ma’ārif 1/139
The parable of the community of believers is that they are like one body in their love for one another. Just as each organ of a body is connected, so are the believers in their empathy and care for each other.
An-Nu’man ibn Basheer reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said:
مَثَلُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي تَوَادِّهِمْ وَتَرَاحُمِهِمْ وَتَعَاطُفِهِمْ مَثَلُ الْجَسَدِ إِذَا اشْتَكَى مِنْهُ عُضْوٌ تَدَاعَى لَهُ سَائِرُ الْجَسَدِ بِالسَّهَرِ وَالْحُمَّى
The parable of the believers in their affection, mercy, and compassion for each other is that of a body. When any limb aches, the whole body reacts with sleeplessness and fever.
مومنین کی باہمی محبت، ہمدردی اور ہمدردی کی مثال جسم کی سی ہے: جب اس کا ایک عضو شکایت کرتا ہے تو باقی جسم بے خوابی اور بخار میں مبتلا ہوجاتا ہے۔
Source: Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 5665, Grade: Muttafaqun Alayhi
In another narration, the Prophet said:
الْمُسْلِمُونَ كَرَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ إِنْ اشْتَكَى عَيْنُهُ اشْتَكَى كُلُّهُ وَإِنْ اشْتَكَى رَأْسُهُ اشْتَكَى كُلُّهُ
The Muslims are like a single man. If the eye is afflicted, then the whole body is afflicted. If the head is afflicted, then the whole body is afflicted.
Source: Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 2586, Grade: Sahih
This means the believers love for each other what they love for themselves. They avoid harming one another, they are generous with one another, and they behave in the best manner.
Al-Halimi comments on this tradition, saying:
وَكَذَلِكَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَكُونُوا وَكَمَا لا يُحِبُّ أَحَدٌ لإِحْدَى يَدَيْهِ إِلا مَا يُحِبُّ لِلأُخْرَى وَلا لإِحْدَى عَيْنَيْهِ أَوْ رِجْلَيْهِ أَوْ أُذُنَيْهِ إِلا مَا يُحِبُّ لِلأُخْرَى فَكَذَلِكَ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ لا يُحِبَّ لأَخِيهِ الْمُسْلِمِ إِلا مَا يُحِبُّ لِنَفْسِهِ
It is befitting for them to be like that. As one hand would not love except what the other loves, and one eye or one leg or one ear would not love except what the other loves. Likewise, he should not love for his Muslim brother except what he loves for himself.
Source: Shu’ab al-Imān 10379
When we help our brothers and sisters in Islam, in reality we are helping ourselves. When we pray for them, the angels pray for us. Fulfilling the rights of brotherhood in Islam is a means for Allah to support us and reward us in the Hereafter. Failing our brothers and sisters in Islam results in Allah withdrawing this support.
Abu Huraira reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said:
مَنْ نَفَّسَ عَنْ مُؤْمِنٍ كُرْبَةً مِنْ كُرَبِ الدُّنْيَا نَفَّسَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ كُرْبَةً مِنْ كُرَبِ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَمَنْ يَسَّرَ عَلَى مُعْسِرٍ يَسَّرَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالآخِرَةِ وَمَنْ سَتَرَ مُسْلِمًا سَتَرَهُ اللَّهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالآخِرَةِ وَاللَّهُ فِي عَوْنِ الْعَبْدِ مَا كَانَ الْعَبْدُ فِي عَوْنِ أَخِيهِ
Whoever relieves the hardship of a believer in this world, Allah will relieve his hardship on the Day of Resurrection. Whoever helps ease one in difficulty, Allah will make it easy for him in this world and in the Hereafter. Whoever conceals the faults of a Muslim, Allah will conceal his faults in this world and in the Hereafter. Allah helps the servant as long as he helps his brother.
Source: Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 2699, Grade: Sahih
Abu Darda reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said:
مَا مِنْ عَبْدٍ مُسْلِمٍ يَدْعُو لأَخِيهِ بِظَهْرِ الْغَيْبِ إِلاَّ قَالَ الْمَلَكُ وَلَكَ بِمِثْلٍ
No Muslim servant supplicates for his brother behind his back but that the angel says: And for you the same.
Source: Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 2732, Grade: Sahih
As brother and sisters, the Muslims are entitled to rights that are specific to the religious community, including the right to be treated with proper manners and etiquette, to be prayed for, to be greeted with peace, to be visited when sick, and to enjoy friendly companionship.
Ali ibn Abi Talib reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said:
لِلْمُسْلِمِ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِ سِتَّةٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ يُسَلِّمُ عَلَيْهِ إِذَا لَقِيَهُ وَيُجِيبُهُ إِذَا دَعَاهُ وَيُشَمِّتُهُ إِذَا عَطَسَ وَيَعُودُهُ إِذَا مَرِضَ وَيَتْبَعُ جِنَازَتَهُ إِذَا مَاتَ وَيُحِبُّ لَهُ مَا يُحِبُّ لِنَفْسِهِ
A Muslim has six rights over another Muslim in good conduct: to greet him with peace when he meets him, to respond to his invitation, to respond to his sneeze, to visit him when he is sick, to follow his funeral prayer when he dies, and to love for him what he loves for himself.
Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhī 2736, Grade: Hasan
Ibn Muflih writes:
ومما لِلْمُسْلِمِ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِ أَنْ يَسْتُرَ عَوْرَتَهُ وَيَغْفِرَ زَلَّتَهُ وَيَرْحَمَ عَبْرَتَهُ وَيُقِيلَ عَثْرَتَهُ وَيَقْبَلَ مَعْذِرَتَهُ وَيَرُدَّ غِيبَتَهُ وَيُدِيمَ نَصِيحَتَهُ وَيَحْفَظَ خِلَّتَهُ وَيَرْعَى ذِمَّتَهُ وَيُجِيبَ دَعْوَتَهُ وَيَقْبَلَ هَدِيَّتَهُ وَيُكَافِئَ صِلَتَهُ وَيَشْكُرَ نِعْمَتَهُ وَيُحْسِنَ نُصْرَتَهُ وَيَقْضِيَ حَاجَتَهُ وَيَشْفَعَ مَسْأَلَتَهُ وَيُشَمِّتَ عَطْسَتَهُ وَيَرُدَّ ضَالَّتَهُ وَيُوَالِيَهُ وَلَا يُعَادِيَهُ وَيَنْصُرَهُ عَلَى ظَالِمِهِ وَيَكُفَّهُ عَنْ ظُلْمِهِ غَيْرِهِ وَلَا يُسْلِمَهُ وَلَا يَخْذُلَهُ وَيُحِبَّ لَهُ مَا يُحِبُّ لِنَفْسِهِ وَيَكْرَهَ لَهُ مَا يَكْرَهُ لِنَفْسِهِ
Among the rights of a Muslim over another Muslim are that he cover his faults, forgive his mistakes, have mercy for his errors, overlook his missteps, reject his backbiting, always give him sincere advice, preserve his good traits, guard his covenants, answer his invitations, accept his guidance, repay his gifts, show gratitude for his favors, assist him in the best manner, fulfill his needs, intercede for his problems, respond to his sneeze, refuse his misguided advice, protect him and not take him as an enemy, support him against his oppressors, restrain him from oppressing others, not surrender him, not abandon him, and to love for him what he loves for himself and to hate for him what he hates for himself.
Source: al-Ādāb al-Shar’īyah 1/290
Moreover, we need to give excuses and the benefit of the doubt (ḥusn al-ẓann) to our brothers and sisters. We ought to be gentle and patient with them when they are wrong, giving them sincere good advice, interpreting their statements and actions in the best way, and overlooking their mistakes.
Abu Huraira reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said:
إِيَّاكُمْ وَالظَّنَّ فَإِنَّ الظَّنَّ أَكْذَبُ الْحَدِيثِ وَلَا تَحَسَّسُوا وَلَا تَجَسَّسُوا وَلَا تَنَافَسُوا وَلَا تَحَاسَدُوا وَلَا تَبَاغَضُوا وَلَا تَدَابَرُوا وَكُونُوا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ إِخْوَانًا
Beware of suspicion, for suspicion is the most false of tales. Do not seek out faults, do not spy on each other, do not contend with each other, do not envy each other, do not hate each other, and do not turn away from each other. Rather, be servants of Allah as brothers.
Source: Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 5719, Grade: Muttafaqun Alayhi
Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said:
لَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ سَمِعَ مِنْ أَخِيهِ كَلِمَةً أَنْ يَظُنَّ بِهَا سُوءًا وَهُوَ يَجِدُ لَهَا فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ مَصْدَرًا
It is not allowed for a Muslim who hears a word from his brother to assume evil of him if he can find something good about it.
Source: al-Tamhīd 18/20
Ja’far ibn Muhammad, may Allah have mercy on him, said:
إِذَا بَلَغَكَ عَنْ أَخِيكَ الشَّيْءُ تُنْكِرُهُ فَالْتَمِسْ لَهُ عُذْرًا وَاحِدًا إِلَى سَبْعِينَ عُذْرًا فَإِنْ أَصَبْتَهُ وَإِلا قُلْ لَعَلَّ لَهُ عُذْرًا لا أَعْرِفُهُ
If you hear something from your brother that you reject, make an excuse for him up to seventy excuses. If you cannot do it, then say: Perhaps he has an excuse I do not know.
Source: Shu’ab al-Imān 7853
Nevertheless, brotherhood in Islam must not descend into cruel tribalism in which Muslims support each other or their sect at the expense of justice. Ultimately we are to be loyal to the values of Islam over anything else. If we see one of our brothers or sisters committing injustice, then the only right action is to stop them.
Anas ibn Malik reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said:
انْصُرْ أَخَاكَ ظَالِمًا أَوْ مَظْلُومًا
Support your brother, whether he is an oppressor or is being oppressed.
It was said, “O Messenger of Allah, we help the one being oppressed but how do we help an oppressor?” The Prophet said:
تَحْجُزُهُ أَوْ تَمْنَعُهُ مِنَ الظُّلْمِ، فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ نَصْرُهُ
By restraining him or preventing him from committing injustice, for that is how you support him.
Source: Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 6552, Grade: Muttafaqun Alayhi
The next level of brotherhood in Islam is that of family ties. Taking care of our families, especially our parents, is one of our most important duties in Islam. The best Muslims are those who are the most kind to their families.
Aisha reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said:
إِنَّ مِنْ أَكْمَلِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِيمَانًا أَحْسَنُهُمْ خُلُقًا وَأَلْطَفُهُمْ بِأَهْلِهِ
Verily, the believers with the most complete faith are those with the most excellent character and who are most kind to their families.
Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhī 2612, Grade: Sahih
If our families are Muslims, then they must also be afforded the rights of religious brotherhood. But even if they are not Muslims and oppose us, we must still treat them well to the best of our ability.
For example, Allah commands us to accompany our parents with good conduct even if they strive (jahada) to make us forsake Islam.
Allah said:
وَإِن جَاهَدَاكَ عَلَىٰ أَن تُشْرِكَ بِي مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ فَلَا تُطِعْهُمَا ۖ وَصَاحِبْهُمَا فِي الدُّنْيَا مَعْرُوفًا ۖ وَاتَّبِعْ سَبِيلَ مَنْ أَنَابَ إِلَيَّ
If they strive to make you associate with Me that of which you have no knowledge, do not obey them but accompany them in the world with good conduct and follow the way of those who turn back to Me.
Surat Luqman 31:15
We cannot sever relations with our family members if they oppose Islam. Cutting off family members for any reason is one of the major sins that prevent people from entering Paradise and hastens punishment in the world.
Jubayr ibn Mut’im reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said:
لَا يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ قَاطِعٌ
The one who cuts off his family will not enter Paradise.
Source: Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 5638, Grade: Muttafaqun Alayhi
Abu Bakrah reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said:
مَا مِنْ ذَنْبٍ أَجْدَرُ أَنْ يُعَجِّلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لِصَاحِبِهِ الْعُقُوبَةَ فِي الدُّنْيَا مَعَ مَا يَدَّخِرُ لَهُ فِي الآخِرَةِ مِثْلُ الْبَغْىِ وَقَطِيعَةِ الرَّحِمِ
No sin deserves quicker punishment from Allah Almighty for its doer in the world, along with what is prepared for him in the Hereafter, like transgression and severing family ties.
Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhī 2511, Grade: Sahih
The Prophet (ṣ) set the best example for dealing with family members who are hostile to the religion. He criticized their idolatry and intolerance in public, but he also publicly affirmed that he would maintain good relations with them as much as possible.
‘Amr ibn al-‘As reported: I heard the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, saying publicly and not secretly:
إِنَّ آلَ أَبِي لَيْسُوا بِأَوْلِيَائِي إِنَّمَا وَلِيِّيَ اللَّهُ وَصَالِحُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَلَكِنْ لَهُمْ رَحِمٌ أَبُلُّهَا بِبَلَاهَا يَعْنِي أَصِلُهَا بِصِلَتِهَا
Verily, the relatives of my father are not my allies. Verily, only Allah and the righteous believers are my allies. Yet, they have the bonds of kinship and I will uphold their family ties.
Source: Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 5644, Grade: Sahih
Even during a protracted conflict, we must try to maintain the best relations we can with our family members. When the Quraysh were persecuting Muslims and forced them to flee to Medina, we would have expected many of them to sever relations with their families. Yet, the Prophet commanded them to continue being kind to their families.
Asma’ bint Abi Bakr reported: My mother was an idolater and she came to me during the peace treaty with the Quraysh. I asked the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, “O Messenger of Allah, my mother has come to me and she is hoping for kind treatment. Should I treat her well?” The Prophet said:
نَعَمْ صِلِي أُمَّكِ
Yes, treat your mother well.
Source: Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 2477, Grade: Muttafaqun Alayhi
Finally, the widest level of brotherhood is the relationship that we have with all of humanity, the children of Adam. We should love for all people what we love for ourselves, including non-Muslims whom we should love to be guided and brought closer to Islam.
Anas ibn Malik reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said:
لا يُؤْمِنُ أَحَدُكُمْ حَتَّى يُحِبَّ لأَخِيهِ مَا يُحِبُّ لِنَفْسِهِ
None of you has faith until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself.
Source: Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 13, Grade: Muttafaqun Alayhi
In another narration, the Prophet said:
حَتَّى يُحِبَّ لِجَارِهِ مَا يُحِبُّ لِنَفْسِهِ
Until he loves for his neighbor what he loves for himself.
Source: Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 45, Grade: Sahih
The scholars interpreted “brother” in this tradition to mean universal brotherhood, as other prophetic narrations mention love for the “neighbor” and “people,” which includes non-Muslims and unbelievers.
Al-Nawawi comments on this tradition, writing:
الأولى أن يحمل ذلك على عموم الأخوة حتى يشمل الكافر والمسلم فيحب لأخيه الكافر ما يحب لنفسه من دخوله في الإسلام كما يحب لأخيه المسلم دوامه على الإسلام ولهذا كان الدعاء بالهداية للكافر مستحبا والمراد بالمحبة إرادة الخير والمنفعة ثم المراد المحبة الدينية لا المحبة البشرية
This is interpreted as brotherhood in general, such that it includes the unbeliever and the Muslim. Thus, he should love for his brother the unbeliever what he loves for himself, which is his entering Islam, just as he should love for his brother Muslim that he remains in Islam. For this reason, it is recommended to supplicate for the unbelievers to be guided. The meaning of love here is an intention for good and benefit. This is religious love, not human love.
Source: Sharḥ al-Arba’īn 13
And Ibn Hajar Al-Haytami writes:
والذي يظهر أن تعبيره بالأخ جري على الغالب لأنه ينبغي لكل مسلم أن يحب للكفار الإسلام وما يتفرع عليه من الكمالات
What is apparent is that the use of the word ‘brother’ is based upon its widest meaning, such that it is befitting for every Muslim to love for the unbelievers to have Islam and the virtues that derive from it.
Source: al-Fatḥ al-Mubīn 1/305
In another narration of this tradition, the Prophet (ṣ) said:
لا يَبْلُغُ عَبْدٌ حَقِيقَةَ الإِيمَانِ حَتَّى يُحِبَّ لِلنَّاسِ مَا يُحِبُّ لِنَفْسِهِ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ
The servant does not reach the reality of faith until he loves for people what he loves for himself of goodness.
Source: Ṣaḥīḥ Ibn Ḥibbān 238, Grade: Sahih
Al-Munawi comments on traditions like these, writing:
ولفظ الناس يشمل الكفار فينبغي لكل مسلم أن يحب للكافر الإسلام وما يتفرع عليه من الكمالات
The use of the word ‘people’ includes the unbeliever, so it is befitting for every Muslim to love for the unbelievers to have Islam and the virtues that derive from it.
Source: Fayḍ al-Qadīr 1/228
What this amounts to is the obligation to treat all people the way we would love to be treated. From this belief is derived the concept of universal human rights, as every human being deserves to be protected by law in the same way that we would love ourselves to be protected.
Abdullah ibn Amr reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said:
مَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُزَحْزَحَ عَنْ النَّارِ وَيَدْخُلَ الْجَنَّةَ فَلْتُدْرِكْهُ مَنِيَّتُهُ وَهُوَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَيَأْتِي إِلَى النَّاسِ مَا يُحِبُّ أَنْ يُؤْتَى إِلَيْهِ
Whoever would love to be delivered from the Hellfire and entered into Paradise, then let him die with faith in Allah and the Last Day, and let him treat people the way he would love to be treated.
Source: Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 1844, Grade: Sahih
Al-Nawawi comments on this tradition, writing:
هَذَا مِنْ جَوَامِعِ كَلِمِهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَبَدِيعِ حِكَمِهِ وَهَذِهِ قَاعِدَةٌ مُهِمَّةٌ فَيَنْبَغِي الِاعْتِنَاءُ بِهَا وَأَنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ يَلْزَمُ أَلَّا يَفْعَلَ مَعَ النَّاسِ إِلَّا مَا يُحِبُّ أَنْ يَفْعَلُوهُ مَعَهُ
This is among the comprehensive sayings of the Prophet (ṣ), his marvelous wisdom, and an important rule. It deserves to be given close attention, that the human being must not treat people except in a way he would love to be treated by them.
Source: Sharḥ al-Nawawī ‘alá Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 1844
Every human being deserves a share of empathy and compassion, regardless of their religious choices. This compassion for humanity can form the basis of cooperation and dialogue between the Muslims and other religious communities. If the Muslims and others united upon this principle, love and compassion and peace and justice would be spread throughout the earth.
Al-Ṭufi writes:
فمقصوده ائتلاف قلوب الناس وانتظام أحوالهم وهو قاعدة الإسلام الكبرى التي أوصى الله عزَّ وجلَّ بها … وبيان ذلك أنه إذا أحبَّ كل واحد من الناس لباقيهم ما يحب لنفسه أحسن إليهم ولم يؤذهم لأنه هو يحب لنفسه أن يُحسَنَ إليه ولا يُؤذَى وإذا أحسن إليهم ولم يؤذهم أحبوه فتسري بذلك المحبة بين الناس وبسريان المحبة بينهم يسرى الخير ويرتفع الشر
The objective of this tradition is to unite the hearts of people and rectify their circumstances, and it is a major principle in Islam that Allah the Exalted has enjoined… In clarification of that, if every person loved for others what he loves for himself he would treat them in the best manner, he would not harm them as he loves for himself to be treated well and not harmed. If he treats them well and does not harm them, then they will love him and subsequently love will emanate between people, and with the emanation of love between them will be the emanation of good and the removal of evil.
Source: al-Ta’yīn fī Sharḥ al-Arba’īn 1/124-125
In sum, every person we meet will fall into one or more categories of brotherhood in Islam. As Muslims, it is our duty to treat them well according to the rights for which they are entitled, whether they are coreligionists, family members, or fellow human beings.
Success comes from Allah, and Allah knows best.
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NAMAZ E JANAZA KI DUA NIYAT W TARIKA=نماز جنازہ کی نیت اور طریقہ
NAMAZ E JANAZA KI DUA NIYAT W TARIKA
نماز جنازہ کی دعا نیات و طریقہ
نماز جنازہ ایک واجب فرض ہے۔
نمازِ جنازہ “فرض کفایہ” ہے یعنی اگر کوئی ایک نماز بھی پڑھ لے تو سب کی ذمہ داری ہے، ورنہ جن تک یہ خبر پہنچی لیکن نہیں پہنچی وہ سب مجرم ہوں گے۔ اس کے لیے جمع ہونے کی کوئی شرط نہیں، ایک آدمی بھی پڑھ لے تو فرض پورا ہو گیا۔ اس کی ضرورییت کا انکار کفر ہے۔ (بہار شریعت، ضلع 1، دفعہ 825)
نماز جنازہ میں دو رکوع اور تین سنتیں ہیں۔
جنازہ کی نماز کے دو حصے ہیں:
- چار بار “اللہ اکبر” کہیں۔
- قیام۔
جنازہ کی نماز کی تین سنتیں ہیں:
- ثنا
- درود شریف
- میت کے لیے دعا۔ (بہار شریعت، ضلع 1، دفعہ 829)
حنفی (حنفی)
نماز اور جنازہ کی نیت
مقتدی کو اس طرح مقرر کرنا چاہیے:
’’میں نماز جنازہ پڑھنے کا ارادہ رکھتا ہوں، اللہ کے لیے، اس میت کے لیے اور اس امام کے لیے دعا کروں گا۔‘‘
پہلی تکبیر
اللہ اکبر کہتے ہوئے اب امام اور مقتدی اپنے ہاتھ کانوں تک اٹھائیں اور پھر ناف کے نیچے باندھ کر ثناء پڑھیں۔
سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّلَلَ رکوع وَبِحَمْوارہ خود وَ تَبَاْرَاْرُوپ اشہد اسہد وَتَعَالَز جَدُ بہت جَجَلَاءٌكَ وَل صد وَلَلَل راجاول غریسته غَياا علم
سبحان اللہ ہما وبیہمدیکا وتبارکاسموکا وتالہ جدوکا وجلہ سناؤکا ولیلہ غیروکا
ثناء میں، “واتلہ جدوکا” کے بعد “وَجَلَّا صَنْوَکَ وَالْاَیْلَہُ گیروکا” پڑھنا یاد رکھیں۔
دوسری تکبیر
پھر ہاتھ اٹھائے بغیر اللہ اکبر کہیں۔
پھر درود ابراہیم پڑھیں
اللَّهُمَّ سَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وُعَلَى عالِ مُحُمَّدٍ كُمَا سَلِيْتُ عَلّي إِبْرِاهِيمُ وَعَلّي عَلِ إِبْرَاهِيمُ وَعَلّي عَلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيْتٌ اللَّهُمْ عَلَي مُحَمِيٌّ اَلِيّي مُحُمَّدٍ”،” وُعَلّى عالِ مُحَمَّدٍ كُمَا بُارُكْتُ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمُ وَعَلُى عَلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكُ حَمِيدٌ
تیسری تکبیر
پھر ہاتھ اٹھائے بغیر اللہ اکبر کہے اور نماز جنازہ کی دعا پڑھیں
(امام بلند آواز سے تکبیریں کہے اور مقتدی انہیں آہستہ پڑھے۔ امام اور مقتدی سب اذکار آہستہ پڑھیں)
چوتھی تکبیر
نماز کے بعد اللہ اکبر کہے اور ہاتھ لٹکائے پھر سلام پھیریں دونوں طرف۔ سلام میں میت اور فرشتوں اور حاضرین کو نماز پڑھنے کی نیت کرنی چاہیے، جس طرح دوسری نمازوں کے سلام میں نیت کی جاتی ہے، یہاں زیادہ ضروری ہے کہ نیت بھی کرے۔ میت پر بھی نماز ادا کرنا۔ (بہار شریعت، ضلع 1، دفعہ 829، 835 مخزن)
نماز جنازہ کی دعا
نماز جنازہ کی دعا (بالغ مردوں اور عورتوں کے لیے)
اُللّهُمَّ اژْفِرْ لِحَيِّنَا وَمُيِّتِنَا وَ شَاهِدِنَا وَ حسِبِنَا وَ سُڑِيْرِنَا وَكَبِيْرِنَا وَكَبِيْرِنَا وَ ذُڑرِنَا وَاُنَا وَاُنَا اُحْيِهِ عَلُي الاِسْلَامِؕ وُمُنْ تُوُفَّيْتُهُ مِنَّا فِتُوّفَّهُ عَلُي الاِيْمِنِؕ
خدارا! ہمارے ہر زندہ اور ہمارے ہر مردہ کو اور ہمارے ہر حاضر اور ہمارے ہر غائب کو اور ہمارے ہر چھوٹے کو اور ہمارے ہر بزرگ کو اور ہمارے ہر مرد اور ہماری ہر عورت کی بخشش فرما۔ خدارا! ہم میں سے جس کو تم زندہ رکھو اسے اسلام کی بنیاد پر زندہ رکھو اور ہم میں سے جس کو قتل کرو اسے ایمان کی بنیاد پر موت دو۔ (المستدرک للحاکم حدیث 1366)
نماز جنازہ کی دعا (بالغ لڑکے کے لیے نہیں)
اور
خدارا! اس (لڑکے) کو وہ بنادے جو ہمارے لیے کام کرے اور اس کو ہمارے لیے اجر اور وقت پر مفید بنائے اور اس کو ہمارے لیے شفاعت کرنے والا بنا دے اور اس کو جس کی شفاعت قبول ہو۔
نماز جنازہ کی دعا (بالغ لڑکی کے لیے)
اور
خدارا! اس (لڑکی) کو جو ہمارے لیے کام کرے اور اسے ہمارے لیے باعثِ اجر بنائے اور صحیح وقت پر کام آئے اور اسے ہمارے لیے شفاعت کرنے والا بنا دے اور اس کی شفاعت قبول کر لے۔
دیکھیں: صلوٰۃ تسبیح کا طریقہ
نماز اور جنازہ کے فوائد
قبر میں پہلا تحفہ
سرکار دوعالم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم سے کسی نے پوچھا: مومن جب قبر میں داخل ہوتا ہے تو اسے پہلا تحفہ کیا دیا جاتا ہے؟ تو ارشاد فرمایا: اس کی نماز اور جنازہ پڑھنے والوں کی مغفرت ہے۔
احد پہاڑ جتنا ثواب
حضرت سیدنا ابوہریرہ رضی اللہ عنہ سے روایت ہے کہ رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وآلہ وسلم نے فرمایا: جو شخص (ایمان کے تقاضے اور ثواب کی نیت سے) اپنے گھر سے جنازہ کے ساتھ نکلے، نماز جنازہ پڑھے اور جنازے کے ساتھ ہی رہے۔ تدفین تک جلوس میں دو قیراط کا ثواب ہے جس میں سے ہر ایک قیراط احد پہاڑ کے برابر ہے اور اگر نماز جنازہ پڑھ کر واپس آئے تو ایک قیراط کا ثواب ہے۔ اس کے لئے.
نماز جنازہ اس طرح لکھا ہے۔
حضرت سیدنا ابو ذر غفاری رضی اللہ عنہ نے فرمایا: مجھے درود دو، رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے فرمایا: قبروں کی زیارت کرو تاکہ تم آخرت کو یاد رکھو اور مردوں کو غسل دے کیونکہ چھونے سے۔ میت (یعنی میت) ایک عظیم نصیحت ہے اور نماز جنازہ پڑھو تاکہ یہ آپ کو غمگین کرے کیونکہ غمگین شخص اللہ کے سائے میں ہوتا ہے اور نیک اعمال کرتا ہے۔
میت کو غسل دینے کی فضیلت وغیرہ
مولائے کائنات حضرت سیدنا علی المرتضیٰ شیر خدا علیہ السلام سے روایت ہے کہ رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے فرمایا کہ جو شخص میت کو غسل دیتا ہے، کفن دیتا ہے، خوشبو لگاتا ہے، نماز پڑھتا ہے، نماز پڑھتا ہے اور جو کچھ بھی چھپاتا ہے۔ برائی نظر آتی ہے، اسے گناہوں سے اتنا پاک ہونا چاہیے، جیسے ماں کے پیٹ سے پیدا ہوا ہو۔
جنازہ دیکھنے کے بعد پڑھنا
NAMAZ E JANAZA KI DUA NIYAT W TARIKA
NAMAZ E JANAZA is a mandatory duty
Namaz e Janaza is “farz kifaya” i.e. if anyone performs even one prayer then everyone is absolved of responsibility, otherwise all those to whom the news had reached but did not come would be guilty. There is no requirement of gathering for this, if even one person reads then the duty has been fulfilled. Denial of its essentiality is kufr. (Bahar Shariat, District 1, Section 825)
There are two Rukn and three Sunnah in NAMAZ E JANAZA
Janaza ki Namaz has two parts:
- Say “Allahu Akbar” four times and
- Qiyām.
The three Sunnahs of Janaza ki Namaz are:
- Sana
- Durood Sharif
- Prayer for the deceased. (Bahar Shariat, District 1, Section 829)
HANFI (Hanfi)
Intention of prayer and funeral
Muqtadi should appoint like this:
“I intend to do Namaz e Janaza, for the sake of Allah, pray for this dead body and for this Imam.”
first takbeer
Saying Allahu Akbar, now the Imam and Muqtadi raise their hands till their ears and then tie them below the navel and recite Sana.
سُبْحَانَكَ الللللَ bow وَبِحَمْwara own وَ تَبَاْرَاْرoup اسhad اسhad وَتَعَالَز جَدُ much جَجَلَاءٌكَ وَل cent وَلَلَل Rajaule غriguestه غَياا knowledge
Subhankallahumma wabehamdeka vatbarakasmoka vatala jaddoka vajalla sanaoka walailaha gairoka
In Sana, remember to read “Vajalla Sanaoka Walailaha Gairoka” after “Watala Jaddoka”.
second takbeer
Then say “Allahu Akbar” without raising your hands.
Then read Durude Ibrahim,
اللَّهُمَّ سَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وُعَلَى عالِ مُحُمَّدٍ كُمَا سَلِيْتُ عَلّي إِبْرِاهِيمُ وَعَلّي عالِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ اللَّهُمَّ سَلَّيْتُ عَلِيّي مُحُمَّدٍ”,” وُعَلّى عالِ مُحَمَّدٍ كُمَا بُارُكْتُ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمُ وَعَلُى عالِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكُ حَمِيدٌ مُجِيدٌ
third takbeer
Then without raising hands say “Allahu Akbar” and read Namaz e Janaza ki Dua
(The Imam should say the Takbeers loudly and the Muqtadi should read them slowly. The Imam and the Muqtadi should all read the rest of the Azkar slowly)
fourth takbeer
After the prayer, say “Allahu Akbar” and hang your hands and then spread Salaam on both sides. In Salaam, one should make the intention of offering prayers to the dead body and the angels and the attendants, in the same way as the intention is given in the Salaam of other prayers, here it is more important that one should also make the intention of offering prayers to the dead body as well. (Bahar Shariat, District 1, Section 829, 835 Makhuzan)
Prayer for funeral prayer
NAMAZ E JANAZA KI DUA (For adult men and women)
اُللّهُمَّ اژْفِرْ لِحَيِّنَا وَمُيِّتِنَا وَ شَاهِدِنَا وُ حسِبِنَا وَ سُڑِيْرِنَا وَكَبِيْرِنَا وَ ذُڑرِنَا وَاُنْدِنَاؕ يَيْتُهُ مِنَّا فُاُحْيِهِ عَلُي الاِسْلَامِؕ وُمُنْ تُوُفَّيْتُهُ مِنَّا فِتُوّفَّهُ عَلُي الاِيْمِنِؕ
God! Forgive each of our living and each of our dead and each of our present and each of our absent and each of our small and each of our elders and each of our men and each of our women. God! Whoever of us you keep alive, keep him alive on the basis of Islam and whoever of us you kill, then let him die on the basis of faith. (Al Mustadarak Lilhakim Hadith 1366)
NAMAZ E JANAZA KI DUA (Not for adult boy)
and
God! Make this (boy) one who reaches out and does things for us and makes him a reward for us and useful at the right time and make him an intercessor for us and one whose intercession is accepted. .
NAMAZ E JANAZA KI DUA (For adult girl)
and
God! Make this (girl) one who reaches out and does things for us and makes her a reward for us and is useful at the right time and make her an intercessor for us and one whose intercession is accepted. .
see: Method of Salatut Tasbeeh
Benefits of NAMAZ and JANAZA
first gift in the grave
Someone asked Sarkar Doalamﷺ: When a believer enters the grave, what is the first gift given to him? So Irshad said: Those who offer his Namaz and Janaza are forgiven.
As much reward as Mount Uhud
It is narrated from Hazrat Sayyiduna Abu Huraira Raziallah Anho that Prophet ﷺ says: The person who (considering the requirement of faith and with the intention of receiving reward) goes with the funeral procession from his house, offers Namaz e Janaza and remains with the funeral procession till the burial, There is a reward of two Qira’ats out of which each Qira’at is equivalent to Uhud (Mountain) and if the person comes back only after offering the funeral prayers, then there is a reward of one Qira’at for him.
NAMAZ E JANAZA is written like this
Hazrat Sayyiduna Abu Zar Ghifari (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Give me the blessings. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: Visit the graves so that you may remember the Hereafter and bathe the dead because touching the dead body (i.e. the dead body) is a great advice and Namaz e Read Janaza so that it makes you sad because a sad person is in the shadow of Allah and does good deeds.
virtue of bathing the dead etc.
Maulaye Kainat, Hazrat Sayyiduna Aliyul Murtaza, it is narrated from Shere Khuda Alaihissalam that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said that whoever bathes a dead body, shrouds it, applies fragrance, offers prayers, offers prayers and hides whatever evil is seen, he should be so pure from his sins. It becomes like the day it was born from the mother’s womb.
to read after seeing the funeral
NAMAZ E JANAZA फ़र्ज़ किफ़ाया है
Namaz e Janaza “फ़र्ज़ किफ़ाया” है यानी कोई एक भी अदा कर ले तो सब जिम्मेदारी से बरी हो गए वरना जिन जिन को ख़बर पहुंची थी और नहीं आए वो सब गुनहगार होंगे। इस के लिये जमाअ़त शर्त नहीं एक शख़्स भी पढ़ ले तो फ़र्ज़ अदा हो गया। इस की फ़िर्ज़य्यत का इन्कार कुफ़्र है। (बहारे शरीअ़त, जि. 1, स. 825)
NAMAZ E JANAZA में दो रुक्न और तीन सुन्नतें हैं
Janaza ki Namaz के दो रुक्न हैं :
1. चार बार “अल्लाहो अकबर” कहना और
2. कि़याम।
Janaza ki Namaz की तीन सुन्नते मुअक्कदा यह हैं :
1. सना
2. दुरूद शरीफ़
3. मय्यित के लिये दुआ। (बहारे शरीअ़त, जि. 1, स. 829)
NAMAZ E JANAZA KA TARIKA (HANFI)
NAMAZ E JANAZA KI NIYAT
मुक़्तदी इस त़रह़ निय्यत करे :
“मैं निय्यत करता हूं Namaz e Janaza की, वास्ते अल्लाह के, दुआ इस मय्यत के लिये, पीछे इस इमाम के”
- पहली तकबीर
अल्लाहो अकबर कहते हुए अब इमाम व मुक़्तदी कानों तक हाथ उठाएं और फिर नाफ़ के नीचे बांध लें और सना पढ़ें।
سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وَبِحَمْدِكَ وَ تَبَاْرَكَ اسْمُكَ وَتَعَالَئ جَدُّكَ وَجَلَّ ثَناءٌكَ وَلَااِلَه غَيْرُكَ
सुब्हानकल्लाहुम्मा वबेहम्देका वतबारकस्मोका वताला जद्दोका वजल्ला सनाओका वलाइलाहा ग़ैरोका
सना में ध्यान रखें कि “वताला जद्दोका ” के बाद “वजल्ला सनाओका वलाइलाहा ग़ैरोका” पढ़ें
- दूसरी तकबीर
फिर बिग़ैर हाथ उठाए “अल्लाहो अकबर” कहें,
फिर दुरूदे इब्राहीम पढ़ें,
اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ، وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ
- तीसरी तकबीर
फिर बिग़ैर हाथ उठाए “अल्लाहो अकबर” कहें और Namaz e Janaza ki Dua पढ़ें
(इमाम तक्बीरें बुलन्द आवाज़ से कहे और मुक़्तदी आहिस्ता। बाक़ी तमाम अज़्कार इमाम व मुक़्तदी सब आहिस्ता पढ़ें)
- चौथी तकबीर
दुआ के बाद फिर “अल्लाहो अकबर” कहें और हाथ लटका दें फिर दोनों त़रफ़ सलाम फैर दें। सलाम में मय्यित और फि़रिश्तों और ह़ाजि़रीने नमाज़ की निय्यत करे, उसी त़रह़ जैसे और नमाज़ों के सलाम में निय्यत की जाती है यहां इतनी बात ज़्यादा है कि मय्यित की भी निय्यत करे। (बहारे शरीअ़त, जि. 1, स. 829, 835 माख़ूज़न)
NAMAZ E JANAZA KI DUA
NAMAZ E JANAZA KI DUA (बालिग़ मर्द व औरत के लिये)
اَللّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِحَيِّنَا وَمَيِّتِنَا وَ شَاهِدِنَا وَ غَائِبِنَا وَ صَغِيْرِنَا وَكَبِيْرِنَا وَ ذَكَرِنَا وَاُنْثَانَاؕ اَللّهُمَّ مَنْ اَحْيَيْتَهُ مِنَّا فَاَحْيِهِ عَلَي الاِسْلَامِؕ وَمَنْ تَوَفَّيْتَهُ مِنَّا فَتَوَفَّهُ عَلَي الاِيْمَانِؕ
इलाही! बख़्श दे हमारे हर जि़न्दा को और हमारे हर फ़ौत शुदा को और हमारे हर ह़ाजि़र को और हमारे हर ग़ाइब को और हमारे हर छोटे को और हमारे हर बड़े को और हमारे हर मर्द को और हमारी हर औरत को। इलाही! तू हम में से जिस को जि़न्दा रखे तो उस को इस्लाम पर जि़न्दा रख और हम में से जिस को मौत दे तो उस को ईमान पर मौत दे। (अल मुस्तदरक लिलहाकिम हदीस 1366)
NAMAZ E JANAZA KI DUA (ना बालिग़ लड़के के लिये)
اَللّهُمَّ اجْعَلْهُ لَنَا فَرَطًا وَّاجْعَلْهُ لَنَا اَجْرًا وَّ ذُخْرًا وَّ اجْعَلْهُ لَنَا شَافِعًا وَّ مُشَفَّعًاؕ
इलाही! इस (लड़के) को हमारे लिये आगे पहुंच कर सामान करने वाला बना दे और इस को हमारे लिये अज्र (का मूजिब) और वक़्त पर काम आने वाला बना दे और इस को हमारी सिफ़ारिश करने वाला बना दे और वो जिस की सिफ़ारिश मन्ज़ूर हो जाए।
NAMAZ E JANAZA KI DUA (ना बालिग़ लड़की के लिये)
اَللّهُمَّ اجْعَلْهَا لَنَا فَرَطًا وَّاجْعَلْهَا لَنَا اَجْرًا وَّذُخْرًا وَّاجْعَلْهَا لَنَا شَافِعَةً وَّمُشَفَّعَةًؕ
इलाही! इस (लड़की) को हमारे लिये आगे पहुंच कर सामान करने वाली बना दे और इस को हमारे लिये अज्र (का मूजिब) और वक़्त पर काम आने वाली बना दे और इस को हमारी सिफ़ारिश करने वाली बना दे और वो जिस की सिफ़ारिश मन्ज़ूर हो जाए।
NAMAZ E JANAZA की फ़जी़लत
क़ब्र में पहला तोह़फ़ा
सरकारे दोआलमﷺ से किसी ने पूछा : मोमिन जब क़ब्र में दाखि़ल होता है तो उस को सब से पहला तोह़फ़ा क्या दिया जाता है? तो इर्शाद फ़रमाया : उस की Namaz e Janaza पढ़ने वालों की मगि़्फ़रत कर दी जाती है।
उह़ुद पहाड़ जितना सवाब
ह़ज़रते सय्यिदुना अबू हुरैरा रजिअल्लाह अन्हो से रिवायत है कि हुज़ूरﷺ फरमाते है : जो शख़्स (ईमान का तक़ाज़ा समझ कर और ह़ुसूले सवाब की निय्यत से) अपने घर से जनाज़े के साथ चले, Namaz e Janaza पढ़े और दफ़्न होने तक जनाज़े के साथ रहे उस के लिये दो क़ीरात़ सवाब है जिस में से हर क़ीरात़ उह़ुद (पहाड़) के बराबर है और जो शख़्स सिर्फ़ जनाज़े की नमाज़ पढ़ कर वापस आ जाए तो उस के लिये एक क़ीरात़ सवाब है।
NAMAZ E JANAZA बाइ़से इ़ब्रत है
ह़ज़रते सय्यिदुना अबू ज़र गि़फ़ारी रजिअल्लाह अन्हो का इर्शाद है : मुझ से सरकारे दो आलम ﷺ ने फ़रमाया : क़ब्रों की जि़यारत करो ताकि आखि़रत की याद आए और मुर्दे को नहलाओ कि फ़ानी जिस्म (यानी मुर्दा जिस्म) का छूना बहुत बड़ी नसीह़त है और Namaz e Janaza पढ़ो ताकि यह तुम्हें ग़मगीन करे क्यूं कि ग़मगीन इन्सान अल्लाह के साए में होता है और नेकी का काम करता है।
मय्यित को नहलाने वग़ैरा की फ़ज़ीलत
मौलाए काएनात, ह़ज़रते सय्यिदुना अ़लिय्युल मुर्तज़ा शेरे ख़ुदा अलैहिस्सलाम से रिवायत है कि हुज़ूरﷺ ने इर्शाद फ़रमाया कि जो किसी मय्यित को नहलाए, कफ़न पहनाए, ख़ुश्बू लगाए, जनाज़ा उठाए, नमाज़ पढ़े और जो नाकि़स बात नज़र आए उसे छुपाए वो अपने गुनाहों से ऐसा पाक हो जाता है जैसा जिस दिन मां के पेट से पैदा हुवा था।
जनाज़ा देख कर पढ़ने का विर्द
ह़ज़रते सय्यिदुना मालिक बिन अनस रजिअल्लाह अन्हो को बादे वफ़ात किसी ने ख़्वाब में देख कर पूछा : अल्लाह ने आप के साथ क्या सुलूक फ़रमाया? कहा : एक कलिमे की वज्ह से बख़्श दिया जो ह़ज़रते सय्यिदुना उ़स्माने ग़नी रजिअल्लाह अन्हो जनाज़े को देख कर कहा करते थे- ”सुब्हानल हय्यिल्लज़ी यालमुतो” (वो ज़ात पाक है जो जि़न्दा है उसे कभी मौत नहीं आएगी)। लिहाज़ा मैं भी जनाज़ा देख कर यही कहा करता था यह कलिमा कहने के सबब अल्लाह ने मुझे बख़्श दिया। (अहयाउल उलूम)
NAMAZ E JANAZA के मसाएल
तकबीर के वक्त सर उठाना
Namaz e Janaza में तकबीर के वक्त सर उठाकर आसमान की तरफ देखना ज़रूरी नहीं है, बल्कि ग़लत है।
जूते पर खड़े हो कर NAMAZ E JANAZA पढ़ना
जूता पहन कर अगर नमाज़े जनाज़ा पढ़ें तो जूते और ज़मीन दोनों का पाक होना ज़रूरी है और जूता उतार कर उस पर खड़े हो कर पढ़ें तो जूते के तले और ज़मीन का पाक होना ज़रूरी नहीं।
एह़तियात़ यही है कि जूता उतार कर उस पर पाउं रख कर नमाज़ पढ़ी जाए ताकि ज़मीन या तला अगर नापाक हो तो नमाज़ में ख़लल न आए।” (फ़तावा रज़विय्या मुख़र्रजा, जि. 9, स. 188)
ग़ाइबाना NAMAZ E JANAZA नहीं हो सकती
मय्यित का सामने होना ज़रूरी है, ग़ाइबाना नमाज़े जनाज़ा नहीं हो सकती। मुस्तह़ब यह है कि इमाम मय्यित के सीने के सामने खड़ा हो।
चन्द जनाज़ों की इकठ्ठी नमाज़ का त़रीक़ा
चन्द जनाज़े एक साथ भी पढ़े जा सकते हैं, इस में इखि़्तयार है कि सब को आगे पीछे रखें यानी सब का सीना इमाम के सामने हो या कि़त़ार बन्द। यानी एक के पाउं की सीध में दूसरे का सिरहाना और दूसरे के पाउं की सीध में तीसरे का सिरहाना (यानी इसी पर कि़यास कीजिये)। (बहारे शरीअ़त, जि. 1, स. 839,)
NAMAZ E JANAZA में कितनी सफ़ें हों?
बेहतर यह है कि जनाज़े में तीन सफ़ें हों कि ह़दीसे पाक में है : “जिस की Namaz e Janaza तीन सफ़ों ने पढ़ी उस की मगि़्फ़रत हो जाएगी।” अगर कुल सात ही आदमी हों तो एक इमाम बन जाए अब पहली सफ़ में तीन खड़े हो जाएं दूसरी में दो और तीसरी में एक। जनाज़े में पिछली सफ़ तमाम सफ़ों से अफ़्ज़ल है।
NAMAZ E JANAZA की पूरी जमाअ़त न मिले तो?
मस्बूक़ (यानी जिस की बाज़ तक्बीरें फ़ौत हो गइंर् वोह) अपनी बाक़ी तक्बीरें इमाम के सलाम फेरने के बाद कहे और अगर यह अन्देशा हो कि दुआ वग़ैरा पढ़ेगा तो पूरी करने से क़ब्ल लोग जनाज़े को कन्धे तक उठा लेंगे तो सिर्फ़ तक्बीरें कह ले दुआ वग़ैरा छोड़ दे।
चौथी तक्बीर के बाद जो शख़्स आया तो जब तक इमाम ने सलाम नहीं फेरा शामिल हो जाए और इमाम के सलाम के बाद तीन बार “अल्लाहो अकबर” कहे। फिर सलाम फेर दे।
पागल या ख़ुदकुशी वाले का जनाज़ा
जो पैदाइशी पागल हो या बालिग़ होने से पहले पागल हो गया हो और इसी पागल पन में मौत वाक़ेअ़ हुई तो उस की नमाज़े जनाज़ा में ना बालिग़ की दुआ पढ़ेंगे। जिस ने ख़ुदकुशी की उस की नमाज़े जनाज़ा पढ़ी जाएगी।
मुर्दा बच्चे के अह़काम
मुसल्मान का बच्चा जि़न्दा पैदा हुवा यानी अक्सर हि़स्सा बाहर होने के वक़्त जि़न्दा था फिर मर गया तो उस को ग़ुस्ल व कफ़न देंगे और उस की नमाज़ पढ़ेंगे, वरना उसे वैसे ही नहला कर एक कपड़े में लपेट कर दफ़्न कर देंगे। इस के लिये सुन्नत के मुत़ाबिक़ ग़ुस्ल व कफ़न नहीं है और नमाज़ भी इस की नहीं पढ़ी जाएगी। सर की त़रफ़ से अक्सर की मिक़्दार सर से ले कर सीने तक है। लिहाज़ा अगर इस का सर बाहर हुवा था और चीख़ता था मगर सीने तक निकलने से पहले ही फ़ौत हो गया तो उस की नमाज़ नहीं पढ़ेंगे। पाउं की जानिब से अक्सर की मिक़्दार कमर तक है। बच्चा जि़न्दा पैदा हुवा या मुर्दा या कच्चा गिर गया उस का नाम रखा जाए और वो कि़यामत के दिन उठाया जाएगा। (बहारे शरीअ़त, जि. 1, स. 841)
जनाज़े को कन्धा देने का सवाब
ह़दीसे पाक में है : “जो जनाज़े को चालीस क़दम ले कर चले उस के चालीस कबीरा गुनाह मिटा दिये जाएंगे।” नीज़ ह़दीस शरीफ़ में है : जो जनाज़े के चारों पायों को कन्धा दे अल्लाह उस की ह़त्मी (यानी मुस्तकि़ल) मगि़्फ़रत फ़रमा देगा। (बहारे शरीअ़त, जि. 1, स. 823)
जनाज़े को कन्धा देने का त़रीक़ा
जनाज़े को कन्धा देना इ़बादत है। सुन्नत यह है कि यके बाद दीगरे चारों पायों को कन्धा दे और हर बार दस दस क़दम चले। पूरी सुन्नत यह है कि पहले सीधे सिरहाने कन्धा दे फिर सीधी पाइंती (यानी सीधे पाउं की त़रफ़) फिर उलटे सिरहाने फिर उलटी पाइंती और दस दस क़दम चले तो कुल चालीस क़दम हुए। (, बहारे शरीअ़त, जि. 1, स. 822) बाज़ लोग जनाज़े के जुलूस में एलान करते रहते हैं, दो दो क़दम चलो! उन को चाहिये कि इस त़रह़ एलान किया करें : “दस दस क़दम चलो।”
बच्चे का जनाज़ा उठाने का त़रीक़ा
छोटे बच्चे के जनाज़े को अगर एक शख़्स हाथ पर उठा कर ले चले तो ह़रज नहीं और यके बाद दीगरे लोग हाथों हाथ लेते रहें। औरतों को (बच्चा हो या बड़ा किसी के भी) जनाज़े के साथ जाना ना जाइज़ व मम्नूअ़ है। (बहारे शरीअ़त, जि. 1, स. 823,)
NAMAZ E JANAZA के बाद वापसी के मसाइल
जो शख़्स जनाज़े के साथ हो उसे बिग़ैर नमाज़ पढ़े वापस न होना चाहिये और नमाज़ के बाद औलियाए मय्यित (यानी मरने वाले के सर परस्तों) से इजाज़त ले कर वापस हो सकता है और दफ़्न के बाद इजाज़त की ह़ाजत नहीं।
क्या शोहर बीवी के जनाज़े को कन्धा दे सकता है?
शोहर अपनी बीवी के जनाज़े को कन्धा भी दे सकता है, क़ब्र में भी उतार सकता है और मुंह भी देख सकता है। सिर्फ़ ग़ुस्ल देने और बिला ह़ाइल बदन को छूने की मुमानअ़त है। औरत अपने शोहर को ग़ुस्ल दे सकती है। (बहारे शरीअ़त, जि. 1, स. 812, 813)
बालिग़ की NAMAZ E JANAZA से क़ब्ल
यह एलान कीजिये मह़ूर्म के अ़ज़ीज़ व अह़बाब तवज्जोह फ़रमाएं! मह़ूर्म ने अगर जि़न्दगी में कभी आप की दिल आज़ारी या ह़क़ तलफ़ी की हो या आप के मक़्रूज़ हों तो इन को रिज़ाए इलाही के लिये मुआफ़ कर दीजिये, मरहूम का भी भला होगा और आप को भी सवाब मिलेगा।
IMAN MUFASSAL IN HINDI ENGLISH URDU ARABIC
IMAN MUFASSAL IN HINDI ENGLISH URDU ARABIC
IMAN MUFASSAL IN HINDI
ईमान मुफ़स्सल
आमन्तो बिल्लाहे वमलाएकतेही वरसूलेही वलयौमिल आखिरे वल क़दरे ख़ैरेही वशर्रेही मिनल्लाहे तआला वलबअसे बअदल मौत
HINDI TRANSLATION
मैं ईमान लाया अल्लाह पर और उस के फ़रिश्तों पर और उस की किताबों पर
और उस के रसूलों पर और क़यामत के दिन पर और इस पर कि
अच्छी और बुरी तक़दीर अल्लाह की त़रफ़ से है और मौत के बाद उठाए जाने पर।
IMAN MUFASSAL IN ARABIC
ايمان المفصل
آمَنْتُ بِاللهِ وملائكته وَكُتُبِه وَرَسُوْلِه وَالْيَوْمِ الْاخِرِ وَالْقَدْرِ خَيْرِه وَشَرِّه مِنَ اللهِ تَعَالى وَالْبَعْثِ بَعْدَالْمَوْتِ
URDU TRANSLATION
میں ایمان لایا اللہ پر اور اس کے فرشتوں پر اور اس کی کتابوں پر
اور اس کے رسولوں پر اور قیامت کے دن پر اور اس پر کہ
اچھی اور بری تقدیر اللہ کی طرف سے ہے اور موت کے بعد اٹھائے جانے پر۔
IMAN MUFASSAL IN ENGLISH
Iman Mufassal
Amantu Billahi wa Malaikatihi wa Kutubihi wa Rusulihi wal Youmil aakhiri wal Qadri Khairihi wa Sharrihi minallahi Ta’ala wal ba’si badal maut
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
I have brought Imaan upon Allah and his Angels and his Books
and his Prophets and on the day of Judgement and on
Good and Bad destiny which is from Allah and on the Raising up again after Death.
LIST TO WHAT A MAN OF COURAGE SAYS ABOUT PALESTINE AND SO CALLED CHAMPIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEMOCRACY AND RULE OF LAW COMING WAR CRIMES!
The #EU says it cares about the #Palestinians but it doesn't. #Israel has killed 5,000 Palestinian Children – Why in God's name hasn't the EU called for a Ceasefire..? If the EU doesn't call for a Ceasefire it means they're ok for the Genocide to continue – It's beyond words… pic.twitter.com/nlU42Ggxpm
— Mick Wallace (@wallacemick) November 20, 2023
BELIEFS OF ISLAM-ISLAMI AQAED-اسلامی عقائد
اسلام کے عقائد
BELIEFS OF ISLAM
INTRODUCTION TO ISLAM
Islam is an Arabic word which means Submission (accepting Allah’s commands) and Obedience (obeying Allah’s commands). Submission and Obedience to Allah brings peace to the human soul. This is why Islam also means peace.
Islam is a way of peace and harmony. Looking around, we can see that everything is obeying the laws of nature, which are the Laws of Allah. We find no disarrangement or turmoil in the ways that nature works. Everything is in order and in complete control. The reason being that they are made to worship Allah. Therefore, they can’t disobey Him.
Human beings on the other hand, have the free will to choose between right and wrong. This is because Allah wants to test us to see whether we obey or disobey Him. Those who pass the test will be rewarded in Paradise and those who fail will be punished in Hell. The only way we can work our way towards Paradise is if we worship and obey Allah, the Almighty. So if we follow the guidance of the prophets and the Quran, we are sure to gain success. Islam is called the Religion of Nature (Dinul Fitrah).
THE SEVEN BASIC BELIEFS
There are seven basic beliefs in Islam. They are:
1. Allah
2. Angels of Allah (Mala’ikah)
3. Books of Allah (Kutubullah)
4. Messengers of Allah (Rusulullah)
5. The Day of Judgement (Yawmuddin)
6. Pre-destination or Supremacy of Divine Will (Al-Qadr)
7. Life after Death (Akhirah)
These beliefs have been declared in Al-Imanul Mufassal (the statement of faith), which is as follows:
“Amantu Billahi, wa Mala’ikatihi, wa Kutubihi, wa Rusulihi, wal Yawmil Akhiri, wal Qadri Khairihi wa Sharrihi Minal Lahi Ta’ala, wal Ba’thi Ba’dal Mawt.”
Meaning: “I believe in Allah, in His angels, in His books, in His messengers, in the Last Day (Day of Judgement) and in the fact that everything good or bad is decided by Allah, the Almighty, and in the Life after Death.”
The seven beliefs can be parted into three groups:
(i) Tawhid – Oneness of Allah (Allah and Pre-destination)
(ii) Risalah – Prophethood (Angels, messengers and books of Allah)
(iii) Akhirah – Life after Death (Day of Judgement and Life after Death)
TAWHID
ALLAH
Tawhid means oneness of Allah. This is the most important belief in Islam. This belief has been stated clearly in Surah Al-Ikhlas, in the Quran:
“Say, He is Allah, the One. Allah is Eternal and Absolute. None is born of Him, nor is He born. And there is none like Him.”
By reading the Surah, I can see that the Quranic verse is off good quality. The meaning is much more than the quantity. The Surah reveals that Allah is the One and only God. He wasn’t born of anyone, therefore He has no mother and no father. Allah doesn’t give birth to anyone, therefore He has no son and no daughter. The Surah also asserts that Allah has no equal. Therefore, He has neither a partner, a brother nor a sister.
The verse also expresses the eternity of Allah. He was, is and will always be.
If a person doesn’t believe in Tawhid, he/she can not be named a Muslim. The reason being that Islam is based on the belief of Tawhid. Associating partners with Allah is a huge sin. To become a Muslim, a person must declare Shahadah, which is as follows:
“I bare witness that there is no god but Allah, and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.”
We have evidence of Tawhid, as research of scientists around the world have shown us. The sun, moon, galaxy and the workings of the human body are all in the control of one God. We know this fact because they all follow laws (laws of nature) which can only be made by one Creator. There is complete co-operation and harmony in the system. If there were two gods, then there would be conflict and there wouldn’t be any laws of nature. Just as there can only be one driver of a car or one Head of government.
AL-QADR
Al-Qadr is the process of man’s decision making known to Allah beforehand. Allah knows the past, present and the future of every creature. He also knows the destiny of every creature. This doesn’t mean that we have no free will. Because in fact we do. We have the freedom to choose between right and wrong. So we can either choose to obey Allah and receive reward in paradise or we can choose to obey Satan and receive punishment in hell.
Al Qadr means that Allah has the knowledge of what we’ve done, what we’re doing and what we’ll do. To make more sense, you could say He is like a fortune teller. Except He has the knowledge of the future, whilst a fortune teller can only predict the future.
Allah makes incidents occur, but He doesn’t force us into doing anything on purpose. That is why we are responsible for our intentions. An example, a man is crossing the road and is suddenly hit by a car. This is what Allah intended. The driver of the car will be judged on his intention, to see if he crashed into the victim intentionally or by accidental. This means that Allah will judge us by our intentions.
JIHAD
Although Allah doesn’t force us into doing anything, He has told us that we must follow Islam if we want to succeed in this life and the Hereafter. In order to become good people, we must form a united effort in trying to obey Allah. This unity is called Jihad, which means “to try one’s utmost best/ striving” to see truth prevail and falsehood vanish. The aim of Jihad is to please Allah.
At first, a Muslim must learn to control his/her own bad desires and intentions. This is called Jihad within ourselves, which is the basis of implementing right (Ma’ruf) and removing evil (Munkar) from society. In order to achieve Jihad within ourselves, we must perform basic Islamic duties.
After Jihad within ourselves, we may have to give up our lives for Islam. A person who dies in a war for Islam is called a ‘Shahid’ which means martyr.
RISALAH
This is the way of communication between Allah and mankind.
ANGELS OF ALLAH
The word ‘angel’ means ‘messenger’. Angels are a special creation of Allah. They are made of divine light (nur) to carry out specific jobs. Although angels have been given important qualities and powers, they do not have the freedom of choice as man does. They are the innocent servants of Allah, who always obey His commands, because they don’t have the power to disobey Him. Unlike mankind, they won’t be judged on the Day of Judgement.
Angels don’t need sleep and they don’t require the things a human being would need. Angels never get tired, therefore they are always at work. Their duty is to praise Allah and help mankind in carrying out the decisions they make throughout their lives. We can not see the angels, unless they take a human form. Angels can take any form, which is suitable for their job.
When ever a person prays to Allah, thinks or talks about Allah, the angels gather round and join in. Their presence helps to build up an atmosphere of worship.
The most important angels of all are:
Jibra’il (Gabriel) – Who revealed Allah’s message unto the Prophets.
Mika’il (Michael) – Who protects the faithful and guards places of worship.
Izra’il (Azrail) – Who is responsible for ending our lives. Also known as the ‘Angel of Death’ (Malakul Mawt).
Israfil (Israfil) – Who will blow the trumpet at the time at the end of the world and on the Day of Judgement.
The angels who record everything good and bad that we do are called the respected recorders (Kiramin Katibin). Munkar and Nadir are the angels who will question our souls after death.
PROPHETS OF ALLAH
The Prophets were people who were given the message of Allah, directly from the Angel Jibra’il. According to a saying of Muhammad (pbuh) there are one hundred and twenty four thousand (124000) Prophets who have ever been sent down to earth. Only the main ones have been mentioned in the Quran. They are written in the following:
1. Adam (Adam)
2. Idris (Enoch)
3. Nuh (Noah)
4. Hud
5. Salih (Salih)
6. Ibrahim (Abraham)
7. Isma’il (Ishmael)
8. Ishaq (Isaac)
9. Lut (Lot)
10. Ya’qub (Jacob)
11. Yusuf (Joseph)
12. Shu’aib
13. Ayyub (Job)
14. Musa (Moses)
15. Harun (Aaron)
16. Dhu’l-Kifl (Ezekiel)
17. Dawud (David)
18. Sulaiman (Solomon)
19. Ilias (Elias)
20. Al-Yasa (Elias)
21. Yunus (Jonah)
22. Zakariyya (Zechariah)
23. Yahya (John)
24. Isa (Jesus)
25. Muhammad
SEAL OF THE PROPHETS
Muhammad (pbuh) was the seal of the prophets. Muslims believe that although his soul was the first to have been created by Allah, he was the last of all the prophets to be sent down to earth. If a person doesn’t believe in him as the last prophet, then he/she is not a Muslim.
In order to become a Muslim, a person has to believe in Shahadah, which is: “I bare witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His messenger.” This means that a person has to believe in the oneness of Allah and Muhammad (pbuh) as Allah’s last messenger, if he/she wants to be a Muslim.
BOOKS OF ALLAH
Not only did Allah send us Prophets to show us the right path to follow in life, but He also revealed books of guidance for us, to the Prophets. Tawrat (Torah) was sent to Prophet Musa (Moses). The Zabur (Psalms) was revealed to Dawud (David). Injil (Gospel) was sent to Isa (Jesus) and the Quran was revealed to Muhammad (pbuh). The Quran also mentions Suhuf-i-Ibrahim (Scrolls of Abraham).
Muslims believe that the Tawrat, Zabur and Injil have all been altered. Therefore, they do not exist in their original language and form. This is because thousands of years after the death of the Prophets to whom they were revealed to, the original texts were compiled by their followers. They changed the stories and mixed the words of God, creating books consisting of their own laws as well as a few of God’s. The only book that exists in its original form is the Holy Quran.
THE HOLY QURAN
The Quran is the sacred book of the Muslims. It was revealed to Muhammad (pbuh) through the angel Jibra’il. The Quran is written in the Arabic language. It was revealed at intervals and completed over a period of twenty three years.
Allah says in the Quran that He will protect His final word, the Quran, until the Day of Judgement:
“Surely, We have revealed this reminder (Dhikr) and Lo, We verily are its Guardian.” (15:9)
The Quran is a living miracle, because it has survived for over fourteen hundred years and it is still written in its original language and form.
The Quran is the main source of Law in Islam. The subject of the Quran is man and his ultimate goal in life. It covers all aspects of life and life after death. Topics in the Quran consist of the three fundamental beliefs: Tawhid, Risalah and Akhirah. The Quran gives a detailed description of Paradise and a vivid description of Hell.
The Quran is divided into thirty parts (Ajza), 114 chapters (Surahs) and 6236 verses (Ayahs). The chapters which were revealed to the Prophet (pbuh) whilst he was at Makkah are known as Makki (Makkan). The chapters which were revealed to him during the time he was in Madinah are known as Madani (Madinan).
If a Muslim follows the teachings of the Quran, then he/she will lead to success in life on this earth and in the life after death.
AKHIRAH
THE TEST OF LIFE
To prepare for the life after death, we must know what it is that we will be accounted for. We are being tested in every aspect of life. We will be examined on:
1. Our characters – to see whether we are greedy, selfish, lacking in sympathy, mean, cruel or cowardly.
2. Our reaction to misfortune – to find whether we are frightened, full of complaint, a burden to others or depressed.
3. Our reaction to good fortune – to see whether we are selfish, arrogant, proud or stingy.
4. Our way of life – to find whether we are dishonest, disrespectful, hurtful and unforgiving.
DAY OF JUDGEMENT
The Quran says:
“Everyone shall have to die.” (3:185)
As we all know, life on earth is only temporary. The reason being that it is only a test to see whether we obey Allah’s commands or not. After the test, we will be judged, as we’re done in any other test that we do in life. We will be accounted for our every action on the Day of Judgement (Yawmul Akhir or Yawmuddin) in the Court of Justice of Almighty Allah. The end result will depend on our ways of spending our lives on earth.
On the Day of Judgement, every man, woman, boy and girl will be for him/herself, standing in front of God. Nobody’s love and commitments, in the earthly life, will save another person by giving away their good deeds. Nobody, on that day will remember their once beloved family, friends and relatives, during their earthly lives. The only person every individual will be thinking of during the Day of Judgement is him/herself.
Allah has revealed this message in the Holy Quran:
“One burdened soul shall not bear the burden of another. And even if the heavy-laden (soul) should cry out for its burden (to be carried) not one bit of it shall be carried, not even by the next of kin.” (Surah 35:18)
“It is the Day when one soul shall be powerless to plead for another.” (Surah 82:19)
“To God belongs the mystery of the Heavens and the Earth. The Decision of the Hour (of Judgement) (will be swift as) the twinkling of an eye, or even quicker: for God has the power over all things.” (Surah 16:77)
LIFE AFTER DEATH
As we already know, there is life after death. After each and every person is judged, he/she will either be rewarded or be punished, as done after any other test in life. Except in this case, the reward or the punishment will be eternal, since life after death is forever. This obviously means that the test that Allah is giving us, is very important. The importance can’t even be explained in words.
After the Judgement, those who have been true believers, during their lives on earth, will go to Paradise, where they will find everlasting peace and happiness. Those who have gone astray during their lives on earth will be punished severely in Hell, permanently.
Some people don’t believe that Allah can raise men and women after their deaths. But it is possible for Allah to do just that, because He was the One who created Adam out of clay and Prophet Isa without a father. The Quran says:
“Does man think that we shall not assemble his bones? Yes, surely, yes, we are able to restore the very shape of his fingers.” (75:3,4)
If everyone in this world were to believe that there is no life after death, then there would be no restriction and control over what anyone is doing. Belief in Akhirah has an enormous affect on people. Muslims are always trying their best to control their bad behaviour and their bad habits, because they know that Almighty Allah is always watching over them.
The believe YoumulAakhirah Comprises of these 11 items to understand well: They are:-
- Sawaal Munkir wo Nakeer سوال منکر و نکیر ( Right after the dead body is burried in earth. (Questioning in the Grave).
- Qiyamul Qiyamah قیامت کا قایم ہونا (Qiyat Ka Waqay Hojana) (The Day of Judgement or Resurrection)
- Meezan ( میزان) Balancing of Good and Bad Deeds on a Balance.
- Kitaab (نامے اعمال) Written Book of the Good Deeds and Bad Deeds of a human being.
- Hisaab حساب ( Valuation ) of Good Deeds and Bad Deeds of a human being…………………
- Sawaal ( Questioning about Everything directly from the person by Allah SubhanahuTaalah حساب السوال (اللہ سبحانہ وتعالیٰ کی طرف سے براہ راست ہر چیز کے بارے میں سوال کرنا
- Pul Siraat پل صراط (The Bridge of Siraat).
- Houze Kausar حوض کوثر
- Shifaat شفاعت ( Recommendation )
- Jannat جنت (Heavan=Paradise) Forever Distination of Good People who accepted and worked accordingly to the teachings of islam.
- Dozakh دوزخ ( Hell ) Forever Distination of Bad People and those who do not accept islam and live their life as they wish.
Who owns Google?
Who Owns Google – Google Founders, Current CEO, & History
Google has 92.24% of the world’s market share. Maybe that is why we say “Google it” to someone whenever they have a query and we don’t have an answer.
It is like, in the vast world of the internet, the name that stands out is Google.
Because it is not just a search engine; it is a huge tech company that plays a big role in our online lives. Since its launch, it has not just changed how we find information and use the internet. It has created the way we search.
At its heart, Google’s search engine, which uses clever computer tricks, has become a tool we all use daily and is a huge part of our lives. We use Google as a search engine, maps, email, videos, and many other things.
But when did Google start? Who owns Google today, and what milestones has Google set so far? Let’s explore Google’s beginnings, what its founders wanted to do, important moments in its history, and the new things it’s trying, all of which change and redefine how we use the internet.
Contents show
What Is Google?
Google is a well-known multinational company focusing on internet-related services and products, including AI, search engine technology, online ads, computer software, cloud computing, quantum computing, e-commerce, and consumer electronics.
However, at its core, Google is primarily known for its search engine, used by billions of people worldwide to access information on the internet. Google employs complex algorithms to deliver relevant search results quickly and accurately, making it an integral part of our daily lives. So much so that people use the terms ‘Google it’ or Google as a verb, which signifies searching for something.
Thus, we can say since Google was founded in 1998, it has become one of the world’s most influential and widely recognised companies.
However, Google is far more than just a search engine. With time, it kept expanding its offerings to include a wide range of products and services serving user’s evolving needs with time, including but not limited to:
- Google Maps
- Gmail
- YouTube
- Google Drive
- Android
- Google Chrome
- Google Workspace (which includes Google Docs, Sheets, Slides, and more.)
- Google Cloud
- Google Assistant
Who Owns Google?
Google has undergone structural changes since its inception; thus, its partnership has changed over time. So, today, Google is owned by Alphabet Inc., a conglomerate, the holding company of Google and its other diverse portfolio of businesses and brands, established in 2015.
Google Parent Company: Alphabet Inc.
In 2015, Google went through a major restructuring, as Google desired to make its core work clearer and more accountable so that it could focus on Internet services and other companies under which it could operate smoothly.
This move was announced by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, the co-founders of Google, to make its core work clearer and more accountable and better organise and manage the various businesses and projects that had evolved under the Google umbrella.
Under Alphabet Inc., Google became one of several subsidiaries and continued to operate as the primary driver of revenue and innovation within the alliance.
Google Founder
The founders of Google are the two Ph.D. students from Stanford University in California, namely Larry Page and Sergey Brin. This duo met in 1995 while working on a research project on the World Wide Web (WWW). Within a year after they met, in 1996, they began working on a new search engine called BackRub, which they later renamed to Google.
Google was officially launched on 4 September 1998 from their friend’s garage in Menlo Park, California, United States. The company quickly grew and expanded, and by 2004, after beating Yahoo! Google already became the most popular search engine in the world, with users searching on Google 200 million times a day.
Larry Page and Sergey Brin own about 14% of Google’s publicly listed shares and 56% of the company’s super-voting stock.
Key Milestones In The History Of Google
Google’s journey to being a billion-dollar company from being a research project of two PhD scholars has long marked several significant milestones.
Even though I can not mark each milestone of Google here, I’ll add some of the critical moments in the history of Google:
- Google.com Domain (1997):
While it was still a research project of Larry Page and Sergey Brin at Stanford, they registered the domain name google.com in September 1997. - The Birth of Google (1998):
Larry Page and Sergey Brin officially founded Google Inc. in September 1998 in a garage in Menlo Park, California. - First Funding (1998):
Google secured its first major investment from Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, of $100,000 in August 1998. - Incorporation (1998):
Google officially incorporated as a company on September 4, 1998, with initial funding from investors including Bechtolsheim. - Eric Schmidt as CEO (2001):
Eric Schmidt joined Google as CEO to provide experience and leadership to manage a growing tech company. - AdWords in 2000:
AdWords was the advertising program that allowed businesses to bid for keywords and display targeted ads to the users within the search result screen. - AdSense in 2003
AdSense enabled website owners to display Google ads on their sites and earn revenue from clicks. - Google IPO (2004):
With its initial public offering (IPO), Google went public in August 2004. It raised $1.67 billion from IPO and became a publicly traded company under the ticker symbol “GOOG.” - Acquisition of YouTube (2006):
Google acquired YouTube, the world’s largest video-sharing platform of that time, for $1.65 billion in stock. This move solidified Google’s presence in the online video space and boosted its revenue generation. - Launch of Android (2008):
Google introduced the Android operating system for smartphones, which has become the world’s most widely used mobile operating system ever since. - Introduction of Chrome Browser (2008):
Google brought a new web browser, Google Chrome, which quickly gained popularity for its speed and simplicity. - Google’s Self-Driving Car Project (2010):
The launch of a self-driving car project in 2010, which it later named Waymo LLC, marked Google’s entry into autonomous vehicle technology. - Alphabet Inc. Restructuring (2015):
Google restructured itself to streamline the work and businesses operating under the umbrella of Google. Here, the co-founders of Google introduced Alphabet Inc. in 2015, and Google itself became one of its subsidiaries. - Quantum Supremacy (2019):
Google claimed to have achieved “quantum supremacy” in October 2019, demonstrating the potential of quantum computing to solve complex problems at previously impossible speeds. - Launch of Stadia (2019):
Users got a cloud gaming service from Google called Stadia that allows users to play video games on various devices without needing hardware. Stadia offers a library of games that can be streamed over the internet at up to 4K resolution and 60 frames per second. - Acquisition of Fitbit (2019):
Fitbit was acquired by Google, a leading wearable fitness device maker, for $2.1 billion in 2019. This acquisition enhanced Google’s presence in the health and wellness market and gave it access to Fitbit’s user data and technology. - Launch of Google Workspace (2020):
At the time of Covid19, when the entire world was working from home, Google rebranded its suite of productivity and collaboration tools, formerly known as G Suite, to Google Workspace in 2020. - Launch of Google Cloud Healthcare API (2021):
With the Google Cloud Healthcare API, healthcare organisations can securely store and access health data in the cloud without silos, manage existing and new patient data, privacy, and more. - Launch of Privacy Sandbox (2022):
The Privacy Sandbox was first announced in January 2020 and has been developing since then. In 2022, Google began testing some of the proposals in the Privacy Sandbox in Chrome. A Google initiative called the Privacy Sandbox aims to enhance online user privacy by developing new privacy-focused web technologies and standards for digital advertising that reduce the need for third-party cookies. - Launch of Google Bard (2023):
Google Bard is a recent experiment that Google launched in early 2023 after ChatGPT came into existence as an AI chatbot that can access the internet to leverage Google search for its responses. Google Bard is a potential milestone for Google’s innovation and vision, but it is still in its early stages and not widely available to the public.
Wrapping Up
As a project that started in a garage and now shapes the digital age, Google’s journey has been nothing short of impressive. Founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Google has evolved into a multifaceted conglomerate under Alphabet Inc.
With its spirit to never stop, Google has created several breakthroughs like quantum supremacy, AdWords, Android, self-driving cars, ethical AI, and much more, and has continued redefining our world. The way Google navigates challenges and innovations, it always remains at the forefront of technological advancement, which impacts how we work, connect, and explore the ever-expanding digital landscape.
Google is owned by its shareholders. The largest ones are Vanguard, which owns a 7.0% share, followed by BlackRock (6.2%), co-founder Larry Page (6.1%), co-founder Sergey Brin (5.7%), and ex-CEO Eric Schmidt (0.6%)1.
In 2015, Google was reorganized as a wholly owned subsidiary of Alphabet Inc. Google is Alphabet’s largest subsidiary and is a holding company for Alphabet’s internet properties and interests2.
The CEO of Alphabet Inc. and its subsidiary Google is Sundar Pichai3. He was appointed CEO of Google on October 24, 2015, replacing Larry Page, who became the CEO of Alphabet32.
Google, American search engine company, founded in 1998 by Sergey Brin and Larry Page, that is a subsidiary of the holding company Alphabet Inc. More than 70 percent of worldwide online search requests are handled by Google, placing it at the heart of most Internet users’ experience. It is one of the world’s most prominent brands. Its headquarters are in Mountain View, California.
Google began as an online search firm, but it now offers more than 50 Internet services and products, from e-mail and online document creation to software for mobile phones and tablet computers. In addition, its 2012 acquisition of Motorola Mobility put it in the position to sell hardware in the form of mobile phones. Google’s broad product portfolio and size make it one of the top four influential companies in the high-tech marketplace, along with Apple, IBM, and Microsoft. Despite this myriad of products, its original search tool remains the core of its success. In 2016 Alphabet earned nearly all of its revenue from Google advertising based on users’ search requests.
Searching for business
Brin and Page, who met as graduate students at Stanford University, were intrigued with the idea of extracting meaning from the mass of data accumulating on the Internet. They began working from Page’s dormitory room at Stanford to devise a new type of search technology, which they dubbed BackRub. The key was to leverage Web users’ own ranking abilities by tracking each Web site’s “backing links”—that is, the number of other pages linked to them. Most search engines simply returned a list of Web sites ranked by how often a search phrase appeared on them. Brin and Page incorporated into the search function the number of links each Web site had; i.e., a Web site with thousands of links would logically be more valuable than one with just a few links, and the search engine thus would place the heavily linked site higher on a list of possibilities. Further, a link from a heavily linked Web site would be a more valuable “vote” than one from a more obscure Web site.
In mid-1998 Brin and Page began receiving outside financing (one of their first investors was Andy Bechtolsheim, a cofounder of Sun Microsystems, Inc.). They ultimately raised about $1 million from investors, family, and friends and set up shop in Menlo Park, California, under the name Google, which was derived from a misspelling of Page’s original planned name, googol (a mathematical term for the number one followed by 100 zeroes). By mid-1999, when Google received a $25 million round of venture capital funding, it was processing 500,000 queries per day. Activity began to explode in 2000, when Google became the client search engine for one of the Web’s most popular sites, Yahoo!. By 2004, when Yahoo! dispensed with Google’s services, users were searching on Google 200 million times a day. That growth only continued: by the end of 2011 Google was handling some three billion searches per day. The company’s name became so ubiquitous that it entered the lexicon as a verb: to google became a common expression for searching the Internet.
To accommodate this unprecedented mass of data, Google built 11 data centres around the world, each of them containing several hundred thousand servers (basically, multiprocessor personal computers and hard drives mounted in specially constructed racks). Google’s interlinked computers probably number several million. The heart of Google’s operation, however, is built around three proprietary pieces of computer code: Google File System (GFS), Bigtable, and MapReduce. GFS handles the storage of data in “chunks” across several machines; Bigtable is the company’s database program; and MapReduce is used by Google to generate higher-level data (e.g., putting together an index of Web pages that contain the words “Chicago,” “theatre,” and “participatory”).
The extraordinary growth of Google led to internal management problems. Almost from the beginning, investors felt that Brin and Page needed an experienced manager at the helm, and in 2001 they agreed to hire Eric Schmidt as chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of the company. Schmidt, who previously had held the same positions at the software company Novell Inc., had a doctorate in computer science and melded well with the technocratic impulses of the founders. During Schmidt’s reign as CEO, Page served as president of products, and Brin was president of technology. The trio ran the company as a “triumvirate” until Page took on the CEO role in 2011, Schmidt became executive chairman, and Brin adopted the title of director of special projects.
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The company’s initial public offering (IPO) in 2004 raised $1.66 billion for the company and made Brin and Page instant billionaires. In fact, the IPO created 7 billionaires and 900 millionaires from the early stockholders. The stock offering also made news because of the unusual way it was handled. Shares were sold in a public auction intended to put the average investor on an equal footing with financial industry professionals. Google was added to Standard and Poor’s 500 (S&P 500) stock index in 2006. In 2012 Google’s market capitalization made it one of the largest American companies not in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.
Google reorganized itself in August 2015 to become a subsidiary of the holding company Alphabet Inc. Internet search, advertising, apps, and maps, as well as the mobile operating system Android and the video-sharing site YouTube, remained under Google. Separate Google ventures—such as longevity research company Calico, home-products company Nest, and research lab Google X—became separate firms under Alphabet. Page became CEO of Alphabet, Brin its president, and Schmidt its executive chairman. Sundar Pichai, senior vice president of products, became Google’s new CEO. Alphabet again reorganized in 2017 to create an intermediate holding company, XXVI Holdings, and to convert Google into a limited liability company (LLC). In 2018 Schmidt stepped down as executive chairman. More changes followed in 2019 as both Brin and Page left their posts as president and CEO, respectively. However, they both remained on Alphabet’s board of directors. Pichai became CEO of the holding company while retaining that position at Google.
Advertising growth
Google’s strong financial results reflected the rapid growth of Internet advertising in general and Google’s popularity in particular. Analysts attributed part of that success to a shift in advertising spending toward the Internet and away from traditional media, including newspapers, magazines, and television. For example, American newspaper advertising fell from a peak of $64 billion in 2000 to $20.7 billion in 2011, while global online advertising grew from approximately $6 billion in 2000 to more than $72 billion in 2011.
Since its founding, Google has spent large sums to secure what it has calculated to be significant Internet marketing advantages. For example, in 2003 Google spent $102 million to acquire Applied Semantics, the makers of AdSense, a service that signed up owners of Web sites to run various types of ads on their Web pages. In 2006 Google again paid $102 million for another Web advertisement business, dMarc Broadcasting, and that same year it announced that it would pay $900 million over three and a half years for the right to sell ads on MySpace.com. In 2007 Google made its largest acquisition to date, buying online advertising firm DoubleClick for $3.1 billion. Two years later the company responded to the explosive growth of the mobile applications market with a $750 million deal to acquire the mobile advertising network AdMob. All of these purchases were part of Google’s effort to expand from its search engine business into advertising by combining the various firms’ databases of information in order to tailor ads to consumers’ individual preferences.
Other services
Google Video and YouTube
Google’s expansion, fueled largely by keyword-based Web advertising, provided it with a sound footing to compete for dominance in new Web services. One of these was the delivery of video content. In January 2005 Google launched Google Video, which enabled individuals to search the close-captioned text from television broadcasts. A few months later Google began accepting user-submitted videos, with submitters setting the prices for others to download and view the videos. In January 2006 Google Video Store opened, featuring premium content from traditional media companies such as CBS Corporation (television shows) and Sony Corporation (movies). In June 2006 Google began offering premium content for free but with ads.
For all of its marketing advantages, however, Google was unable to overtake the upstart leader in online videos, YouTube. Following its introduction in 2005, YouTube quickly became the favourite site for users to upload small video files, some of which attracted millions of viewers. Unable to generate anything close to the same number of uploads and viewers, Google bought YouTube in 2006 for $1.65 billion in stock. Rather than merge the Web sites, however, Google continued YouTube’s operation as a separate entity. In 2012 Google shut down Google Video and moved videos from there to YouTube. That same year, despite estimated revenues of more than $1 billion, Google said that YouTube remained an “investment” and has not said whether the division was profitable.
Gmail
In 2004 Google began offering a free Web-based e-mail account to select “beta” testers (a beta product being a product not yet in its final form). The service, known as Gmail, was opened to the general public in 2007 while still officially in its beta stage. One of the main appeals of Gmail was that it gave users an e-mail address that was independent of any particular Internet service provider (ISP), thus making it easier to maintain a permanent address. In addition, the service offered an unprecedented one gigabyte (one billion bytes) of free e-mail storage space, though users were also presented with advertisements based on keywords that the Google search engine found in their messages. Google later expanded the amount of free storage space given to users to seven gigabytes and allowed users to rent additional space. In 2007 the company acquired Postini, an e-mail services firm, for $625 million in order to improve Gmail’s security, especially in Google’s efforts to sign up businesses. In 2009 Google removed the beta status of Gmail, increasing its appeal to business users.
In January 2010 Google announced that it had detected a series of sophisticated hacking attacks, originating in China, that were directed at the Gmail accounts of Chinese human rights activists and foreign journalists working in China. In some cases the accounts had been reconfigured to forward all incoming and outgoing e-mail to unfamiliar addresses. Google’s immediate response was to change Gmail’s protocol from the Web standard HTTP to the encrypted HTTPS, which increased security at the expense of speed. The attacks also led Google to threaten to reverse its stance, which allowed the Chinese government to censor its Google.cn site and allow Chinese users to receive unfiltered search results. This brought the company into conflict with the Chinese government and raised the possibility of Google’s exiting the Chinese market altogether. In March, Google avoided direct conflict by automatically redirecting Chinese users of Google.cn to its unfiltered Hong Kong site, Google.com.hk. This arrangement continued until Google’s government-issued license to operate in China came up for annual renewal at the end of June. At that time Google changed Google.cn so that users could either use the censored Chinese site for services such as music search or manually click on a link to Google.com.hk for Web search. This move conciliated the Chinese government, which renewed Google’s license in July 2010.
Google Books
Before Google was even launched as a company, its founders had worked on digital book projects at Stanford and had always envisioned the day when Internet users would be able to search content in books. In 2004 the company announced Google Print, a project with several major libraries around the world that would begin to make their holdings freely available on the Internet. The company began by scanning public-domain books from the libraries’ collections, using sophisticated equipment. The digital files were then converted into portable document files (PDFs) that were fully searchable, downloadable, and printable. Works still in copyright appeared only in fragmented “snippet” form. In 2005 the company changed the name of the project to Google Books, and about one million books per year were scanned in its initial years of operation. As of 2012, Google had scanned more than 15 million books.
Meanwhile, groups of authors and publishers filed suit to stop the company from making passages from their copyrighted books available over the Internet. In 2008 Google reached a legal settlement in which the company agreed to pay the groups $125 million for past transgressions, though users could continue to read for free up to 20 percent of each work scanned by Google. In exchange for allowing parts of their works to be read online, the authors and publishers would receive 63 percent of all advertising revenue generated by page views of their material on Google’s Web site.
Google Earth
In 2004 Google bought Keyhole Inc., which was partially funded by the Central Intelligence Agency’s venture capital arm, In-Q-Tel. Keyhole had developed an online mapping service that Google rebranded in 2005 as Google Earth. This service let users find detailed satellite images of most locations on Earth and also create combinations (known as “mashups”) with various other databases, incorporating details such as street names, weather patterns, crime statistics, coffee shop locations, real-estate prices, and population densities into maps created by Google Earth. While many of these mashups were created for convenience or simple novelty, others became critical lifesaving tools. For instance, in the wake of Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Google Earth provided interactive satellite overlays of the affected region, enabling rescuers to better understand the extent of the damage. Subsequently, Google Earth became a vital tool in many disaster recovery efforts.
Google’s commitment to privacy was questioned, however, after it introduced a related mapping service, called Street View, that showed street-level photographs first from around the United States and later from other countries that were searchable by street address. Some photographs provided a view through house windows or showed persons sunbathing. Google defended the service by saying that the images showed only what a person could see if walking down the street. In response to privacy concerns in Germany, in 2010 Google allowed people to opt out of having their homes and business included in Street View, and 244,000 people (3 percent of the country) did so. However, even though a German court ruled in 2011 that Street View was legal, Google announced that it would not add new photographs to the service.
Google Apps and Chrome
In 2006, in what many in the industry considered the opening salvo in a war with Microsoft, Google introduced Google Apps—application software hosted by Google that runs through users’ Web browsers. The first free programs included Google Calendar (a scheduling program), Google Talk (an instant messaging program), and Google Page Creator (a Web-page-creation program). In order to use these free programs, users viewed advertisements and stored their data on Google’s equipment. This type of deployment, in which both the data and the programs are located somewhere on the Internet, is often called cloud computing.
Between 2006 and 2007 Google bought or developed various traditional business programs (word processor, spreadsheet, and presentation software) that were eventually collectively named Google Docs. Like Google Apps, Google Docs is used through a browser that connects to the data on Google’s machines. In 2007 Google introduced a Premier Edition of its Google Apps that included 25 gigabytes of e-mail storage, security functions from the recently acquired Postini software, and no advertisements. As the components of Google Docs became available, they were added to both the free ad-supported Google Apps and the Premier Edition. In particular, Google Docs was marketed as a direct competitor to Microsoft’s Office Suite (Word, Excel, and PowerPoint).
In 2008 Google released Chrome, a Web browser with an advanced JavaScript engine better suited for running programs within the browser. The following year the company announced plans to develop an open-source operating system, known as Chrome OS. The first devices to use Chrome OS were released in 2011 and were netbooks called Chromebooks. Chrome OS, which runs on top of a Linux kernel, requires fewer system resources than most operating systems because it uses cloud computing. The only software running on a Chrome OS device is the Chrome browser, all other software applications being supplied by Google Apps. In 2012 Chrome surpassed Microsoft’s Internet Explorer (IE) to become the most popular Web browser and, as of 2020, has maintained its lead over IE, Microsoft’s Edge (IE’s replacement), Mozilla Corporation’s Firefox, and Apple Inc.’s Safari.
Android operating system
Google’s entry into the lucrative mobile operating system market was based on its acquisition in 2005 of Android Inc., which at that time had not released any products. Two years later Google announced the founding of the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of dozens of technology and mobile telephone companies, including Intel Corporation, Motorola, Inc., NVIDIA Corporation, Texas Instruments Incorporated, LG Electronics, Inc., Samsung Electronics, Sprint Nextel Corporation, and T-Mobile (Deutsche Telekom). The consortium was created in order to develop and promote Android, a free open-source operating system based on Linux. The first phone to feature the new operating system was the T-Mobile G1, released in October 2008, though Android-based phones really required the more capable third-generation (3G) wireless networks in order to take full advantage of all the system’s features, such as one-touch Google searches, Google Docs, Google Earth, and Google Street View.
In 2010 Google entered into direct competition with Apple’s iPhone by introducing the Nexus One smartphone. Nicknamed the “Google Phone,” the Nexus One used the latest version of Android and featured a large, vibrant display screen, aesthetically pleasing design, and a voice-to-text messaging system that was based on advanced voice-recognition software. However, its lack of native support for multi-touch—a typing and navigation feature pioneered by Apple that allowed users more flexibility in interacting with touchscreens—was seen as a drawback when compared with other handsets in its class. Despite Android’s perceived drawbacks compared with Apple’s smartphone iOS, by the end of 2011, Android led the mobile phone industry with a 52 percent global market share, more than triple that of iOS.
In 2010 Google’s hardware partners also began releasing tablet computers based on the Android operating system. The first product was criticized for poor performance, but by the end of 2011 Android-based tablets had gained ground on the hugely popular Apple iPad. Of the 68 million tablets estimated to have shipped in that year, 39 percent ran Android, compared with nearly 60 percent being iPads.
Google was obliged to battle competitors over Android in the courts as well as in the marketplace. In 2010, for example, Oracle Corporation sued Google for $6.1 billion in damages, claiming Android had violated numerous patents relating to Oracle’s Java programming language. (After two years in court, Google eventually won the lawsuit.) Instead of attacking Google directly, Apple Inc. sued makers of Android smartphones, such as HTC, Motorola Mobility, and Samsung, over alleged patent violations. Apple CEO Steve Jobs was said to have claimed, “I’m going to destroy Android, because it’s a stolen product. I’m willing to go to thermonuclear war on this.” The patent wars over mobile operating systems seemed unresolvable, as suits and countersuits were filed with each release of a new version.
Social networks and Google+
Google was late to recognize the popularity and advertising potential of social networks such as Facebook and Twitter. Its first attempt to create a social network, Google Buzz, started in 2010 and closed less than two years later. Among several problems, the network was limited to users who had Gmail accounts, and it created privacy issues by featuring a default setting that showed a user’s profile to anyone. Even before Google Buzz had shut down, the company launched Google+ in June 2011, at first to a limited audience and then to anyone. Within a year of its start, the social network service had attracted more than 170 million users. Facebook, by contrast, had taken five years to reach 150 million users.
Nevertheless, Google+ faced a formidable competitor in Facebook, which by mid-2012 had some 900 million users. Facebook users spent far more time on their site, clocking six to seven hours per month, while Google+ users averaged a little more than three minutes per month. Because Facebook did not permit Google’s Web indexing software to penetrate its servers, Google was unable to include the giant social network in its search results, thus losing potentially valuable data from one of the most-trafficked networks on the Internet. Still, the company appeared to be fully supportive of Google+. Seeing the value of games in retaining users on social networks, it quickly released a games area for the service. It also developed innovative features that were not available on Facebook. For example, with Hangouts, users could instantly create free video conferences for up to 10 people. The company also added Google+ pages for businesses to market their products and brands. However, Google+ never supplanted Facebook, and the service was discontinued in 2019.
Life Of Prophet ﷺ | Seerat Un Nabi ﷺ Complete Lecture By Dr israr Ahmed
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Prophet Muhammad(PBUH)
PROPHET MUHAMMAD(PBUH) – CONTRIBUTION TO HUMANITY
When Almighty Allah sent His last and the greatest Prophet, Muhammad (peace be upon him), humankind was immersed in a state of degeneration. The messages of the past prophets had been distorted and ignored, civilization was on the decline and humanity had slumped into an age of darkness, with disbelief, oppression and corruption prevalent everywhere. The condition of the world at that time presented the gloomiest picture ever of human history.
The Arabs were living under no better conditions. They were families and tribes comprising different attitudes and feelings; but they were all similar in one respect: they were slaves of habits and impulses. They used to take pride in invasion and plunder. Moreover, they were so low in their moral affairs that a number of them used to bury their daughters alive.
The people of Makkah used to practice usury (interest based economy) on a large scale with very high interest rates — sometimes a hundred percent. When the debtors were not able to repay — and that was most often the case — they were enslaved or obliged to force their wives and daughters to commit certain sins, in order to be able to collect enough money to repay the debt.
The fire-worshipping Persians, with their strange concept of dualism were further plagued by the still weirder Mazdakite doctrine (i.e. a socio-religious movement that flared up in the Sasanian Kavad (488-531 CE) founded by Mazdak son of Bamdad), that advocated communal ownership and even ruled that women were the common property of all men. Like Mani a few centuries earlier, who had claimed a new religion by combining the teachings of Prophet Jesus (pbuh) and Zoroaster, Mazdakite’s movement was also a reaction to the corruption of the traditional priestly class. Both creeds died away after the execution of their proponents, who more or less depended on royal patronage. On the other hand, the Sasanian aristocracy aligned with the Zoroastrian clergy was steeped in pleasures, burdening the oppressed masses with heavy taxes and oppression.
There were colonies of Jews scattered across West Asia and North Africa to whom several Messengers had been sent by Almighty Allaah. However, even these divine favors had failed to reform them. The laws sent to Prophet Moses (pbuh) had been distorted and tampered with.
In short, wars, bloodshed, slavery, oppression of women and the deprived held sway everywhere, might ruled over right. The world was in dire distress but no one seemed capable of delivering it from darkness. No religion, ideology, creed or cult during those times, could offer any hope to the agonies and frustrations of humankind.
Thus, it was in such a chaotic state of depression that Almighty Allaah sent His last great Prophet (peace be upon him) with the universal Message of Islam to save humankind from disbelief, oppression, corruption, ignorance and moral decadence that was dragging humanity towards self-annihilation.
At the time of the birth of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) there existed two great powers on earth: one in the East and another in the West. In the East there was the Persian Empire, and in the West, the Roman Empire. As it might be expected, these two powers were actively hostile and almost permanently at war with one another. As a result, they were weak and disunited, though appearing to be otherwise. Despite their disunity and weakness, they made no serious effort to eradicate the causes of their instability.
Religiously speaking, the Arabs of that era were mostly idol worshippers. Some of them used to make their own gods from sweets, and subsequently, they would eat them when they got hungry. They had replaced the monotheism of Prophet Abraham (pbuh) with the worship of idols, stars and demons, turning the Ka’bah (the center of Islamic creed), which was built for the One and Only Creator, into a pantheon of idols. In addition, tribal rivalries and blood feuds ran among them like the burning desert sands of Arabia.
Ignorance was not confined to the Arabs alone. On the fringes of Arabia where the desert gives way to hospitable lands met the ever-changing borders of ‘world arrogance’, the two superpowers of the age: the Persian and the Roman Empires.
At the other end was the Byzantine world, which though claiming to profess a divinely revealed religion, had in fact polluted the monotheist message of Prophet Jesus (pbuh) with the sediments of ancient Greek and Roman pagan thoughts, resulting in the birth of Christianity. In 381 CE, the Greco-Roman Church council rejected the doctrine of Arius of Alexandria, to which most of the eastern provinces of the empire adhered, and in its place the council had coined the belief that God and Prophet Jesus (pbuh) are of one substance and therefore co-existent. Arius and his followers had held the belief in the uniqueness and majesty of God, Who Alone, they said has existed since eternity, while Prophet Jesus (pbuh) was created in time.
Further to the east lay the once flourishing cultures of China and India which were groping in darkness. Confucianism had confused the Chinese, robbing their minds of any positive thinking. On the other hand, Hinduism had no universal pretensions whatsoever, and was peculiar to the geographical confines of India or more properly Northern India and its Aryan invaders.
None of the religions in currency had any universal outlook or even pretensions and were limited to insurmountable geographical and psychological barriers, preaching discrimination and the narrow-minded superiority of a particular race.
Prophet Muhammed (pbuh) was entrusted by Almighty Allah with the most difficult task: not only to rescue mankind from imminent destruction but also to raise it to sublime height, heights hitherto beyond the knowledge of historians and the imagination of poets. If there were not incontrovertible historical evidence to demonstrate his achievements, it would be difficult to believe such greatness.
This man was Muhammad (peace be upon him) who was born in the sixth century. He saved mankind from imminent danger, gave it new life, new ambition, fresh energy, a revitalised sense of human dignity and intellect, as also a new found idealism. It was because of him that a new era came about, an era of spirituality in art and literature, of personal sincerity and selfless service of others, all of which produced an ordered, graceful and kindly culture.
HIS MOST PRECIOUS GIFTS TO MAN WERE
1. his devotion to righteousness and aversion to evil
2. his hatred of false gods
3. a passion for establishing justice and morality
Such goals ultimately are the fountainhead and incentive for all reforms and improvements. Whatever great and sublime heights man has attained have been the result of such noble sentiments — indeed, all material resources, means and methods owe their existence to human will and determination.
That great benefactor of humanity replaced barbarism and brutality with the milk of human kindness, magnanimity and courtesy. He struggled unceasingly for the propagation of his noble teachings with complete disregard for his own self, his life or prestige. Precisely because of this struggle, there arose from among an uncivilized and ill-mannered people noble-hearted men who led a graceful and kindly life, men who started a new era of courtesy and warmth in human history, who engendered gentleness and goodness in those around them.
THE WORLD OBTAINED A FRESH LEASE OF LIFE WHEN
1. justice and fairness became its hallmark
2. the weak were emboldened to claim their rights from the haughty and strong
3. mercy and kindness became the norms
4. It was a time when humanitarianism became a driving force
5. faith and conviction captured human hearts
6. mankind began to take pride in selflessness
7. virtuous behaviour became habitual with people
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We list below, in brief, the precious gifts of Islam which have played a key role in the advancement of human values and culture. A new and bright world, quite different from the decaying and disintegrating humanity at the time of its advent, came into being as a result of these Islamic contributions:
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1. The clear and unambiguous creed of the Oneness of God.
2. The concept of human equality and brotherhood.
3. The concept of human dignity and man being the masterpiece of God’s creation.
4. Acknowledgement of the proper status of women and the restoration of their legitimate rights.
5. The rejection of despair and the infusion of hope and confidence in human beings.
6. The fusion of the secular and the sacred, the refusal to accept any cleavage between them.
7. The integration of religion and knowledge, making one dependent on the other and raising respect for knowledge by declaring it a means of attaining nearness to God.
8. Emphasis on the use of intellectual faculties in religious and spiritual matters and encouraging the study and contemplation of natural phenomena.
9. Charging the followers of Islam with the responsibility of spreading virtue and goodness in the world, and making it a duty incumbent on them to restore truth and justice.
10, The establishment of a universal creed and culture.
LEADERSHIP ROLE
Effective leaders are those who work for their people, those who are humble, and those who neither flaunt their status nor exploit their power. It is hard to come by such individuals in real life, and you rarely come across the perfect combination of humility, knowledge, and charisma that is required of the perfect leaders.
A man who rose to be the initiator of a new way of life that today has about 1.8 billion adherents spread across the world, a man who at the height of his success maintained the humility displayed in his youth. His wisdom, he asserted, was never his own but rather was divine revelation; at the height of his success, he proclaimed, “I am but an ordinary man.” He was Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), the prophet of Islam.
SOME NON-MUSLIM WESTERNERS HAVE BEEN WONDERING WHAT IT IS THAT PROPHET MUHAMMAD (PEACE BE UPON HIM) PRESENTED TO HUMANITY, PARTICULARLY AFTER THE DEFAMATION OF HIS HONORABLE CHARACTER BY THE WESTERN MEDIA.
Here, we deem it our duty to answer the questions regarding what our Prophet gave to humanity and the world. It can be briefly summarized as follows:
Through revelation from “The God” (Allah), Muhammad (peace be upon him) transferred humanity from obedience and submission to other men to the worship and submission to God alone, associating nothing with Him. Consequently, human kind became free from servitude to other than God, and this is the greatest honor for mankind.
Muhammad (peace be upon him) lay the foundations for tolerance among people. In the Qur’an, God revealed to His Prophet that there is to be no compulsion in the acceptance of religion. Muhammad (peace be upon him) also clarified the rights of the non-Muslims who do not wage war against Muslims and guaranteed protection of their lives, children, property and honor. Even today in many Muslim countries there are Jewish and Christian citizens living in peace and security in contrast to the Spanish Inquisitions in which Muslims were exterminated in an ethnic cleansing that violated all humanitarian principles.
Muhammad (peace be upon him) showed unparalleled respect for and appreciation of all the prophets who preceded him, among them Abraham, Moses and Jesus (peace be upon them all). God revealed to him words to the effect that one who denies or disrespects any of the prophets cannot be a Muslim. Islam regards all of the prophets as one brotherhood, inviting people to the belief that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, who is the one true God.
Muhammad (peace be upon him) elevated the importance of morality in human life. He called for good manners, honesty, loyalty and chastity and strengthened social bonds such as being dutiful to parents and relatives, always putting into practice what he preached. He prohibited and warned against such negative behavior as lying, envy, betrayal, fornication and disrespect of parents, and he treated the problems stemming from these diseases.
Muhammad (peace be upon him) came with a revelation from God, presenting a religion compatible to human nature – one that satisfies the needs of the soul and those of the body and establishes a balance between worldly deeds and those done for the Hereafter. It is a religion that disciplines human instincts and desires without suppressing them completely as in some other cultures which were absorbed with ideals contrary to human nature, depriving religious men given to worship of such natural human rights as marriage and of such natural reactions as anger toward transgression, expecting them not to defend against aggressors. This led most members of these civilizations to reject religious teachings and become absorbed in the material world, which caters only to their bodies while leaving their souls in a miserable state.
Through revelation from God, Muhammad (peace be upon him) liberated the human mind from superstition, deception and submission to false objects of worship as well as those concepts contrary to reason, such as the claim that God had a human son whom He sacrificed to atone for the sins of humanity.
Muhammad (peace be upon him) was a mercy sent by God to all peoples regardless of race or faith. In fact, his teachings include mercy even to birds and animals, and forbid harming them without right or reason.
Muhammad (peace be upon him) defended human rights for both males and females, for young and old, regardless of social status. He established a set of sublime principles; one example being in the speech he gave during his farewell pilgrimage in which he declared strict prohibition of transgression against people’s lives, property and honor. He laid down these principles long before the world knew of the Magna Charta in 1215, the Declaration of Rights in 1628, the Personal Freedoms Law in 1679, the American Declaration of Independence in 1776, the Human and Citizen Rights Charter in 1789, and the worldwide Declaration of Human Rights in 1948.
Through the revelation from God, Muhammad (peace be upon him) invited people to use their minds, to discover the universe around them and to acquire knowledge. He confirmed that God rewards such deeds at a time when scientists and intellectuals in other civilizations were suffering persecution and accusations of heresy and blasphemy, being terrorized in prisons, tortured and often killed.
Muhammad (peace be upon him) presented to the world a perfect model of brotherhood among human beings. He taught that no race is superior to another for all are equal in origin and equal in their responsibilities and rights. One’s degree of faith and piety is the only criterion for preference. His companions were given equal opportunities to belong to and serve the religion. Among them were his pious companions Suhayb (RA) – a Roman, Bilal (RA)- an Abyssinian, Salman Farsi (RA) – a Persian, and many other non-Arabs.
THE CONTRIBUTION TO SOCIAL LIFE
MORAL BEHAVIOR
Personal cleanliness; emphasis on preservation and nourishment of all life forms, including plants and animals; rituals and spirituality of prayers; fasting and charity; righteous conduct and good deeds; and rights of parents, children, spouses, and neighbors.
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS
Teaching to enhance human relations and to avoid breaking relationships; encouraging mutual consultation in all affairs; prohibiting bigotry and racism; and emphasizing kindness and hospitality toward others, especially the weak and the poor.
FINANCIAL GUIDELINES
Encouraging charity, rights of the poor, respect for workers, and rejection of exploitation; and circulation of wealth among all classes.
SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND OBLIGATIONS
Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) took a generation of brutes and changed it to an exemplary society where the best among them was one with most God fearing action. The inherent selfishness in men was so much changed that a thirsty soldier in the battlefield would sacrifice his share of water to a brother soldier and face death contentedly in the path of Allah. He brought peace in the society by teaching them that, one who goes to bed full and knows that neighbor is hungry is not a perfect believer. He encouraged people to be merciful to fellow human beings when he advised them to show mercy to people on earth so that Almighty Allah will have mercy on them in heaven.
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE
Today we hear every one talking about the Ozone layer and the Green House effects. But Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) educated the desert Arabs about the excellence of planting trees when he said, never a Muslim plants a tree, but he has the reward of charity for him. What is eaten out of that is charity, what is stolen out of that, what the beast eats of that and what birds eat of that is charity for him. In fact, none impose a loss to him but it becomes a charity on his part.
RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
In the first Islamic society, the members were so much changed, that everyones rights were well protected and preserved. All they asked in return was a ticket to the ever-lasting life of paradise. He taught them that, Clothing an under-clad Muslim, entitles you to a garment from the Paradise. Feeding a hungry Muslim will make you eligible (by Allahs will) for the fruit of Paradise, and if you provide water to a thirsty Muslim, Allah will provide you with a drink from the Sealed Nectar. He clearly showed the disgrace of begging, and promoted the habit abstaining from asking others for help unless it is very essential. He warned that those who beg for no valid reason will be raised on the last day, without any flesh in their faces. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) transformed a pagan society to a noble society, which was able to bear the torch of enlightenment to all the nations in the world within one generation and this is the shortest time in history.
MARRIAGE AND FAMILY
In Islam the man intending to marry a woman pays a dower (Mahr) to her. This is not the purchase money paid to the woman as done during the pre-Islamic days and even now in some societies. This is a gift as token of love, and has fixed rate. It can be waived off by the woman at her own choice and not under pressure. This is entirely different from the system where dowry is paid by the woman’s father in most of the Asian countries, which is a severe burden on women in these societies.
BUSINESS & TRADE
Islam censures economic exploitation as strongly as social excesses and individual dishonesty. It will not be an exaggeration to say that absolute honesty in business and commerce is really an Islamic concept, while people of other faith have been throughout the history mercenary nations notorious for their greed. Throughout his mission the Prophet (peace be upon him) urged his followers to adopt trade as their profession to earn a Halaal (lawful in Islam) living, while exhorting them to observe truthfulness and honesty in their business transactions. At every possible moment, he encouraged them to be lenient to those who fallen into debt and showed them the excellence of contributing towards helping a brother in such a condition.
GOVERNMENT AFFAIRES
There was no restriction for any person to approach the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and ask any questions from him. He was leader, a ruler yet he was the Prophet which was over-riding fact. There were numerous incidents where the people went to him and obtained guidance in their mundane day to day life. The Prophet (peace be upon him) pointed out that the leadership is not only an honor but a responsibility as well. He said that, a just ruler will be one of those seven groups of people who will be given shade by Allah on the day (judgment day) when there will be no shade from the blazing sun.
FIRST CONSTITUTION
As the Prophet established a peace sanctuary called Madinah after his migration from Makkah, he negotiated treaties with the Jews and the pagans of Madinah. Muslims consider these treaties to be the first written surviving constitution in the world. The constitution guaranteed freedom of religion, self-governance, and legal autonomy in all matters. It called for the common defense of Madinah, and declared the Jews, pagans, and Muslims of that treaty to be one nation.
It was he who turned the course of human thought from superstition– mongering, love for the unnatural and the inexplicable, and monasticism towards a rational approach, love for reality, and a pious, balanced worldly life. It was he who in a world, which regarded only supernatural happenings as miracles and demanded them for the verification of the truth of a religious mission, urged that rational proof should be the criterion of truth. It was he who opened the eyes of those who had been accustomed to look for the signs of God in natural phenomena.
It was he who, in place of groundless speculation, led human beings to the path of rational understanding and sound reasoning on the basis of observation, experiment and research. It was he who clearly defined the limits and functions of sense perception, reason and intuition. It was he who brought about a rapprochement between spiritual and material values. It was he who harmonized Faith and Knowledge and Action, who, in short, evolved true religiosity on the basis of the scientific spirit.
It was he who eradicated idolatry, man-worship and polytheism in all forms so thoroughly and created such a firm faith in the Unity of God that even those religions, which were based entirely on superstition and idolatry, were forced to adopt a monotheistic approach.
It was he who changed the basic concepts of ethics and spirituality. Those who believed that asceticism and self-annihilation alone led to moral and spiritual purity – that purity could only be achieved by running away from life, disregarding all the desires of the flesh and subjecting the body to all types of tortures – he showed the path of spiritual evolution, moral emancipation and attainment of salvation through active participation in the affairs of the world around them.
It was he who brought home to man his true worth; those who acknowledged only a God-incarnate or a son of God as their moral preceptor or spiritual guide were told that human beings with no pretensions to Godhead could become vicegerents of God on earth; those who proclaimed and worshipped powerful personages as their gods were made to understand that their false lords were mere ordinary human beings and nothing more. It was he who stressed the point that no person could claim holiness, authority and over lordship as his birthright and that no one was born with the stigma of untouchability, slavery or serfdom. It was he and his teaching, which inspired thoughts of the unity of mankind, equality of human beings, true democracy and real freedom.
It was he who brought laws through the Holy Qur’an, which penetrated deep into the structures of society, and this process continues up to this day. The basic principles of economics, which he taught, have ushered in many a movement in world history and hold out the same promise for the future. The laws of governance, which he formulated, brought about many upheavals in political theories and continue to have influence even today. The fundamental principles of law and justice, which bear the stamp of his genius, have influenced to a remarkable degree the administration of justice in the courts of nations. This unlettered Arab was the first person to formulate a framework of international relations and lay down laws of war and peace. No one previously had even the remotest idea that there could be an ethical code of war and that relations between different nations could be regulated on the basis of common humanity.
HUMAN RIGHTS
The rise of the Islamic civilization between the 7th and 13th centuries owes itself to this principle. Few individuals in any civilization have been able to accomplish religious, gender, educational, racial and conflict-resolution reforms all at once. Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), the founder of Islam, reformed his society in all five respects which laid the foundation of the Arab and Muslim civilization.
The following points intend to provide a better sense of his efforts and to show where today things have gone wrong:
RELIGIOUS FREEDOM
Some intolerant Muslims today persecute non-Muslims for proselytizing or blasphemy. In contrast, the Islamic Holy scripture Quran states that “there is no compulsion in religion” (2:256). However, few know of its context. Before the migration of Prophet Muhammad to Madina, some polytheists in the town had dedicated their children to be raised in the monotheistic Jewish tradition. After converting to Islam, the parents objected to this when the Jewish guardians took the children with them. However, the Prophet refused them permission to forcibly take back their children or to convert them to Islam in the light of this Quranic verse.
Moreover, the Prophet permitted Najrani Christian priests to offer their prayers in his mosque and to have an open religious dialogue before an audience. Moreover, he later wrote them a decree that declared “No compulsion is to be on them; No one is to destroy a house of their religion, to damage it, or to carry anything from it to the Muslims’ houses; they are my allies and have my secure charter against all that they hate.”
RACIAL EQUALITY
Pre-Islamic Arab society had racial biases against non-Arabs just as American society had up till the 1960’s. The Prophet managed to purify these primitive sentiments by his personal example. His closest companions Bilal bin Riba (an Abyssinian) and Salman Farsi (a Persian) were both former slaves who went on to command enormous respect in the first Muslim society. In his famous last sermon, the Prophet declared “a white has no superiority over black, nor does a black over a white, except by piety and good action”.
EDUCATION
The Prophet famously declared that “learning is obligatory upon every Muslim man and woman” and that “he who gives the best upbringing and education to his daughters shall enter paradise.” In his unlettered and oral society, he encouraged his followers learn writing so to be able to transmit Quran’s message far and wide.
CARLY FIORINA, EX-CEO OF HEWLETT-PACKARD (MINNESOTA, USA) PAYS TRIBUTE TO THE CIVILIZATION OF PROPHET MUHAMMED (PBUH) THUS:
“..One of its languages became the universal language of much of the world, the bridge between the peoples of a hundred lands. Its armies were made up of people of many nationalities, and its military protection allowed a degree of peace and prosperity that had never been known. The reach of this civilization’s commerce extended from Latin America to China, and everywhere in between.
Not surprisingly, it was this initial encouragement which ultimately led to the Islamic golden age of science which advanced medicine, astronomy, algebra and philosophy and also contributed to the Western Renaissance.
And this civilization was driven more than anything, by invention. Its architects designed buildings that defied gravity. Its mathematicians created the algebra and algorithms that would enable the building of computers, and the creation of encryption. Its doctors examined the human body, and found new cures for disease. Its astronomers looked into the heavens, named the stars, and paved the way for space travel and exploration.
This kind of enlightened leadership — leadership that nurtured culture, sustainability, diversity and courage — led to 800 years of invention and prosperity.”
WOMEN’S RIGHTS
In the pre-Islamic society, some proud pagans practiced ‘honor’ killings and female infanticide to offset their ‘shame.’ The numerous reforms which the Prophet instituted in the 7th century included the end of ‘honor’ killings, the right of a woman’s approval in her marriage, her right to ownership of private property, to seek unilateral divorce if the husband was abusive and to re-marry as a widow or divorcee. Some of these rights did not exist even in the West until the early 20th century. Moreover, as the Prophet taught, while a husband was supposed to provide for his wife, the wife was under no obligation to share her wealth or property with the husband.
WOMEN’S RIGHTS
Quran permitted war only in the interest of establishing religious freedom or for self-defense (22:40). The Prophet was himself driven out of his city for preaching his religion, his followers were persecuted or killed and their bodies were mutilated. Yet, he himself forbade retaliation in kind or the holding of slaves except as prisoners captured in such conflicts. His instructions for humane treatment of prisoners during a conflict were exemplary: no women, children, hermits or other non-combatants were to be harmed and that prisoners or slaves were to be fed the same food and clothed the same clothes as the Muslims themselves. It is not surprising that his humane teachings quickly won the hearts of his former enemies which rapidly led to the conversion of Arabia to Islam. Islam’s global spread and appeal owed itself to Prophet Muhammad’s social reforms.
As one can see, this Charter consisted of several clauses covering all important aspects of human rights, including such topics as the protection of minorities living under Islamic rule, freedom of worship and movement, freedom to appoint their own judges and to own and maintain their property, exemption from military service, and the right to protection in war.
He declared killing non-combatants to be illegal, placed severe restrictions on how warfare could be conducted, and even paid compensation for the killing of some dogs by one of his commanders.
Thus, we conclude that Prophet Muhammed (pbuh) was the saviour of mankind. He showed us solutions for all the problems of Humanity and had one single purpose for each one of us. That was to establish worship of one true Creator (Almighty Allah) and save us from the fire of Hell after our death. Hence, we invite you to read Holy Quran and read the message of Prophet Muhammed (pbuh) for the success in this life and the life after death.
“I believe if a man like him (Prophet Muhammed) were to assume the dictatorship of the modern world he would succeed in solving its problems in a way that would bring much needed peace and happiness. George Bernard Shaw
“Philosopher, orator, apostle, legislator, warrior, conqueror of ideas, restorer of rational dogmas, of a cult without images; the founder of twenty terrestrial empires and of one spiritual empire, which is Muhammad. As regards all standards by which human greatness may be measured, we may well ask, is there any man greater than he?”
Lamartine, HISTOIRE DE LA TURQUIE, Paris, 1854, Vol. II, pp. 276-277
FAQS ABOUT ALLAH THE ONLY AND REAL GOD
FAQS ABOUT GOD
Who is Allah?
Allah is God. The Lord has used the word ‘Allah’ as his personal name in the Quran. It has a unique characteristic. In Arabic, Allah is only singular; it does not have a plural form (unlike the English word ‘God’ which has plural relative). Allah has no gender. So in these terms, ‘He’ is used out of respect and dignity, not for gender.
However, one can call his Creator by the best names. Scriptures have come up with as many as 99 names of Almighty Allah. The Almighty said in Quran, ‘Call upon God, or call upon The Merciful; whichsoever you call upon, to Him belong the most beautiful Names (Quran 17:110).
How many Gods are there?
There can be only one God. He is the Creator, Sustainer and Destroyer of this universe.
Almighty Allah says “Had there been any Gods in the heavens and the earth apart from Allah, the order of both the heavens and the earth would have gone to ruins. Glory be to Allah, the Lord of the Throne, Who is far above their false descriptions of Him.” (Quran 21:22)
Where is Allah?
Allah is the Supreme One, above all of His creation. He created the universe thereafter ascended upon a Throne, which is above the heavens and the Earth. He is omnipresent. Whichever side you will turn, you will find Allah; Verily Allah is omnipresent (existing everywhere every moment) and omniscient (infinitely wise). (Al Baqra -115)
What is the evidence that God exists?
Yes, there is ample evidence that God exists. God sent down a number of miracles through prophets for people to be able to clearly see with their own eyes and use their senses pointing to the fact that God does exist. Quran is the best proof that God exists. Quran encourages us to use our senses and our common sense to analyse and scrutinise that all of this universe could not possibly come into existence on its own. It definitely had to be designed to be what it is today. Mere coincidence cannot explain why the universe is so. Even science leads us the fact that some things remain unexplained, until now at least.
Can we see Allah?
No human has seen Allah in all his might till now. It is beyond human capability to catch a glimpse of the all powerful light that He is. Allah says in Quran (6:103): “No vision can comprehend Him, and He comprehends all visions, and He is Absolutely Subtle, All-Aware.”
But, God has promised that He will give the pleasure of seeing Him for the dwellers of heaven, which is the greatest pleasure a human can have.
WHO IS ALLAH?
A CREATOR EXISTS
“Say: He is Allah,The One and Only “Allah, the Eternal, Absolute (Assamad) “He begets not, nor is He begotten. And there is none like unto Him. The word ‘Assamad’ means absolute existence, which can be attributed only to Allah (swt), all other existence being temporal or conditional.
WHO IS ALLAH?
The Arabic word ‘Allah’ is the proper name of God. It literally means ‘the One God’. The word Allah is unique and has no other word even remotely related to it. Simply put, in Arabic, God is called Allah. Allah, means the One God, the Creator, the Sustainer, the Designer of this universe.
UNITY OF GOD
The fundamental principle of belief in Islam is that God is One. There is No one else whatsoever in any form to be worshipped other than One God who has created this universe. There is no associate creator, no associate destroyer, neither a deputy designer nor a joint sustainer of the universe.
GOD AND HIS ATTRIBUTES
An awe-inspiring glimpse of the mighty snow-clad Himalayas or the breath-taking views of the Niagara or a divine dive in the Andamans in a scuba suit have only one reaction – ‘Oh My God’!! But have we ever given a moment of pause and ever wondered to ask ourselves what is God?
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Shame on the So Called Muslim Countries Kings, Ameers,Rulers,Dictators and Prime Ministers and Presidents ! #FreePalestine
Al Jazeera's @YoumnaElSayed17 reports on the latest Israeli strikes across the besieged Gaza Strip.
— Al Jazeera English (@AJEnglish) November 17, 2023
🔴 LIVE updates: https://t.co/PEvpiq3UlL pic.twitter.com/6Ea4KzLXuP
Palestinian medical workers were forced out of a hospital with their hands in the air during an Israeli raid on Jenin in the occupied West Bank. pic.twitter.com/Kq4lrfzsmd
— Al Jazeera English (@AJEnglish) November 17, 2023
Israeli forces carried out a raid at Gaza’s al-Shifa Hospital, where thousands of Palestinians are sheltering, following days of heavy attacks in the area ⤵️ pic.twitter.com/cEt6Qof5Ga
— Al Jazeera English (@AJEnglish) November 16, 2023
THE FULL HISTORY OF PALESTINE AND ISRAEL
HOW THE TERRORIST COUNTRY ISRAEL COME INTO EXISTANCE ON THE MAP OF EARTH? KNOW THE FULL HISTORY IN THIS VIDEO